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 French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, and only members of the ---------- paid taxes.
  • a)
    first estate
  • b)
    second estate
  • c)
    nobility and clergy
  • d)
    third estate
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, and...
France under the Ancien Régime was divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). One critical difference between the estates of the realm was the burden of taxation. The nobles and the clergy were largely excluded from taxation while the commoners paid disproportionately high direct taxes.
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French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, and...
The Three Estates in 18th Century France

The society in France during the 18th century was divided into three major groups or estates based on their social status and occupation. These three estates were:

1. First Estate:
The First Estate was made up of the clergy members of the Catholic Church, including priests, bishops, and nuns. They were exempted from paying taxes and had a significant influence on the government and society.

2. Second Estate:
The Second Estate comprised the nobility of France, including the royal family, aristocrats, and wealthy landowners. Like the First Estate, they were also exempted from paying taxes.

3. Third Estate:
The Third Estate represented the majority of the population, which included common people, merchants, artisans, and peasants. They were the only ones who paid taxes and were subjected to the harsh living conditions.

Why only the Third Estate Paid Taxes?

The French government was facing financial crises due to the wars and extravagance of the royal family, and they needed to raise funds. However, the First and Second Estates were exempted from paying taxes, and the burden of taxes fell solely on the Third Estate.

This situation led to a lot of resentment and anger among the common people, who felt that they were being unfairly treated. This resentment and anger eventually led to the French Revolution, which aimed to overthrow the monarchy and create a more just and equal society.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, and only members of the Third Estate paid taxes, which created a lot of inequality and injustice. This situation ultimately led to the French Revolution and the overthrow of the monarchy.
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French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, and...
Third estate need to pay tax because this estate has poor people and educated people
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Question No. 47 to 52 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:In the past, peasants and workers had participated in revolts against increasing taxes and food scarcity.But they lacked the means and programmes to carry out full-scale measures that would bring about a change in the social and economic order. This was left to those groups within the third estate who had become prosperous and had access to education and new ideas. The eighteenth-century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who earned their wealth through expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of society. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his merit. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.In his Two Treatises of Government, Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch. Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on a social contract between people and their representatives. In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. This model of government was put into force in the USA after the thirteen colonies declared their independence from Britain. The American constitution and its guarantee of individual rights was an important example for political thinkers in France.Q.Which social group emerged in France in the 18th century?

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of the Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. A resplendent hall in Versailles was prepared to host the delegates. The First and Second Estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated in rows facing each other on two sides, while the 600 members of the Third estate had to stand at the back. The Third estate was represented by its more prosperous and educated members. Peasants, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly. However, their grievances and demands were listed in some 40,000 letters which the representatives had brought with them. Voting in the Estates General in the past had been conducted according to the principle that each estate had one vote. This time too Louis XVI was determined to continue the same practice. But members of the Third estate demanded that voting now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. This was one of the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book The Social Contract. When the king rejected this proposal, members of the Third estate walked out of the assembly in protest. Q. Voting in the estates in the past was done on the principle of

Read the source given below and answer the following questions : On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of the Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. A resplendent hall in Versailles was prepared to host the delegates. The First and Second Estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated in rows facing each other on two sides, while the 600 members of the Third estate had to stand at the back. The Third estate was represented by its more prosperous and educated members. Peasants, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly. However, their grievances and demands were listed in some 40,000 letters which the representatives had brought with them. Voting in the Estates General in the past had been conducted according to the principle that each estate had one vote. This time too Louis XVI was determined to continue the same practice. But members of the Third estate demanded that voting now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. This was one of the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book The Social Contract. When the king rejected this proposal, members of the Third estate walked out of the assembly in protest. Q. What was the proportion of the representatives of First, Second and Third Estates in the resplendent hall in Versailles?

Read the source given below and answer the following questions :On 5 May 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of the Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. A resplendent hall in Versailles was prepared to host the delegates. The First and Second Estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated in rows facing each other on two sides, while the 600 members of the Third estate had to stand at the back. The Third estate was represented by its more prosperous and educated members. Peasants, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly. However, their grievances and demands were listed in some 40,000 letters which the representatives had brought with them.Voting in the Estates General in the past had been conducted according to the principle that each estate had one vote. This time too Louis XVI was determined to continue the same practice. But members of the Third estate demanded that voting now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. This was one of the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book The Social Contract. When the king rejected this proposal, members of the Third estate walked out of the assembly in protest.Q. Why was an assembly of the Estates General called by Louis XVI?

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French society in the 18th century was divided into three estates, and only members of the ---------- paid taxes.a)first estateb)second estatec)nobility and clergyd)third estateCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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