Answer:

Factors affecting the Climate of India

India is a country with varied topography, which influences its climate. Some of the factors affecting the climate of India are:

Latitude and Longitude

India is situated in the tropical and sub-tropical latitudes (8° 4' N to 37° 6' N), which results in hot and humid climate throughout the year. The country lies between 68°7' and 97°25' east longitude, which causes differences in the duration of the day and night and the amount and intensity of solar radiation.

Altitude

The altitude of a region affects its climate. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the cold winds from the north, resulting in a warm and humid climate in the northern plains. The higher Himalayas experience a cold and dry climate, while the southern slopes have a warm and moist climate.

Ocean Currents

The ocean currents influence the climate of coastal areas. The warm ocean currents from the equator result in a warm and humid climate along the coast. The cold ocean currents from the poles result in a cold and dry climate along the coast.

Monsoon Winds

India experiences tropical monsoon winds, which bring rainfall to the country. The southwest monsoon winds bring rainfall from June to September, while the northeast monsoon winds bring rainfall from October to December.

Vegetation Cover

The type and density of vegetation cover affect the climate of a region. Dense forests help in maintaining a humid climate, while grasslands and deserts have a dry climate.

Conclusion

India has a diverse climate due to its varied topography and geographical location. The factors affecting the climate of India include latitude and longitude, altitude, ocean currents, monsoon winds, and vegetation cover. Understanding these factors is important for predicting and managing the climate of the country.