Intercalary meristem:
The correct answer is option 'A', intercalary meristem. Intercalary meristem is responsible for the continued growth of the sugarcane plant even after the tip has been removed.

Explanation:
The sugarcane plant is composed of different types of meristems, which are responsible for growth and development. Meristems are regions of actively dividing cells that give rise to new cells and tissues.

Apical meristem:
The apical meristem is located at the tip of the plant and is responsible for the primary growth of the sugarcane plant. It is responsible for the elongation of the stem and the formation of new leaves and branches. However, if the tip of the sugarcane plant is removed, the apical meristem is also removed, and the primary growth ceases.

Lateral meristem:
The lateral meristem, also known as the cambium, is responsible for the secondary growth of the plant, which results in an increase in girth or thickness of the stem. It is not directly involved in the continued elongation of the sugarcane plant.

Intercalary meristem:
Intercalary meristem is located at the base of the internodes, the regions between the nodes of the sugarcane plant. It is responsible for the continued growth and elongation of the internodes even after the tip has been removed. This allows the sugarcane plant to recover from damage and continue growing.

Intercalary meristem cells divide actively and elongate, pushing the nodes apart and causing the plant to grow in length. These cells have the ability to regenerate and continue growth even after being damaged or removed.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the presence of intercalary meristem in the sugarcane plant allows it to continue growing in length even after the tip has been removed. Intercalary meristem cells divide actively and elongate, pushing the nodes apart and causing the plant to grow. This mechanism helps the sugarcane plant recover from damage and continue its growth and development.