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An electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in uniform electric field of strength E. If θ is the angle between p and E, then potential energy of the dipole becomes maximum, when θ is
- a)0o
- b)45o
- c)90o
- d)180o
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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An electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in uniform electric fi...
The dipole is placed at an angle θ with respect to the direction of the electric field, then the torque experienced by the dipole is given by:
τ = pEsinθ
This torque tends to align the dipole with the direction of the electric field. If the dipole is free to rotate, it will rotate until it aligns with the electric field. The potential energy of the dipole in this position is given by:
U = -pEcosθ
where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field direction.
If the dipole is not free to rotate, for example, if it is held fixed, then the torque will still be present but there will be no change in the dipole's orientation. In this case, the potential energy of the dipole will not change and will remain constant at -pEcosθ.
τ = pEsinθ
This torque tends to align the dipole with the direction of the electric field. If the dipole is free to rotate, it will rotate until it aligns with the electric field. The potential energy of the dipole in this position is given by:
U = -pEcosθ
where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field direction.
If the dipole is not free to rotate, for example, if it is held fixed, then the torque will still be present but there will be no change in the dipole's orientation. In this case, the potential energy of the dipole will not change and will remain constant at -pEcosθ.
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Community Answer
An electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in uniform electric fi...
The dipole is aligned parallel to the field, then the torque experienced by the dipole is given by:
τ = pE sinθ
Where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field. Since the dipole is aligned parallel to the field, θ = 0 and sinθ = 0. Therefore, the torque experienced by the dipole is zero.
This can also be understood intuitively by considering that the dipole moment points in the same direction as the electric field, so there is no net force on the dipole. As a result, the dipole does not rotate and the torque is zero.
τ = pE sinθ
Where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field. Since the dipole is aligned parallel to the field, θ = 0 and sinθ = 0. Therefore, the torque experienced by the dipole is zero.
This can also be understood intuitively by considering that the dipole moment points in the same direction as the electric field, so there is no net force on the dipole. As a result, the dipole does not rotate and the torque is zero.
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An electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in uniform electric field of strength E. If θ is the angle between p and E, then potential energy of the dipole becomes maximum, when θ isa)0ob)45oc)90od)180oCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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