The process of synthesis of food in green plants is known as photosynthesis. This process involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose. Let's break down the process into key points:

Importance of Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis is crucial for the survival of plants as it provides them with the necessary energy to grow and carry out their metabolic functions.

Key Components:
- Chloroplasts: These are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.
- Pigments: Chlorophyll is the main pigment responsible for capturing light energy.

Steps of Photosynthesis:
1. Light Reaction: Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts, which triggers a series of chemical reactions that result in the production of ATP and NADPH.
2. Calvin Cycle: The ATP and NADPH produced in the light reaction are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions.

Inputs and Outputs:
- Inputs: Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
- Outputs: Glucose and oxygen (released as a byproduct)

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis:
- Light intensity: Higher light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis.
- Carbon dioxide concentration: More carbon dioxide leads to increased glucose production.
- Temperature: Photosynthesis is optimal at moderate temperatures.

Significance:
Photosynthesis not only provides food for plants but also produces oxygen that is essential for all living organisms. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of gases in the atmosphere.