What is the difference between electron withdrawing group and electron releasing group ?please guys help me me?

Question

Answer

Electron releasing group which gives electrons to other like CH3
electron withdrawing group which take electron from other like CN,NO2

Answer

An electron withdrawing group or EWG draws electrons away from a reaction center. When this center is an electron rich carbanion or an alkoxide anion with the presence of the substitutent that has a stabilizing effect.
Example of such groups are halogens (F , Cl) , nitriles CN ; carbonyls CO ; nitro groups NO2.

Electron releasing groups as the name suggests are the groups of atoms that can donate an electron pairs.
These are the groups rich in electron that can give out one or more electrons to form a bond. Electron donating groups list comprises of the groups that can donate electrons.
Example :-- alkyl groups (CH3, C2H5) etc. , amino group, etc...

$$Hope it's help... $$

Answer

**Electron Withdrawing Groups (EWG):**

Electron withdrawing groups (EWG) are functional groups or substituents that tend to withdraw electrons from a molecule or a particular group within a molecule. These groups are usually electronegative and have a higher electron affinity compared to the rest of the molecule. As a result, they create a partial positive charge on the atom or group to which they are attached, making it more electron deficient.

**Examples of Electron Withdrawing Groups:**
1. Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I)
2. Nitro group (-NO2)
3. Carbonyl group (-C=O)
4. Cyano group (-CN)
5. Sulfonic acid group (-SO3H)

**Effects of Electron Withdrawing Groups:**
1. Resonance Stabilization: EWGs can stabilize a molecule through resonance by withdrawing electron density from a conjugated system, which can help delocalize charge and stabilize the molecule.
2. Decreased Nucleophilicity: Electron withdrawing groups reduce the electron density on a molecule or group, making it less likely to act as a nucleophile in a reaction.
3. Increased Acidity: EWGs can enhance the acidity of a molecule by stabilizing the negative charge on the conjugate base.
4. Decreased Basicity: These groups can decrease the basicity of a molecule by reducing the electron density on the atom or group that would donate a lone pair of electrons.

**Electron Releasing Groups (ERG):**

On the contrary, electron releasing groups (ERG) are functional groups or substituents that donate or release electrons to a molecule or a particular group within a molecule. These groups are usually electron-donating in nature and have a lower electron affinity compared to the rest of the molecule. As a result, they create a partial negative charge on the atom or group to which they are attached, making it more electron-rich.

**Examples of Electron Releasing Groups:**
1. Alkyl groups (R)
2. Aryl groups (Ar)
3. Alkoxy groups (-OR)
4. Amino groups (-NH2)
5. Hydroxyl groups (-OH)

**Effects of Electron Releasing Groups:**
1. Increased Nucleophilicity: ERGs increase the electron density on a molecule or group, making it more likely to act as a nucleophile in a reaction.
2. Decreased Acidity: These groups can decrease the acidity of a molecule by destabilizing the negative charge on the conjugate base.
3. Increased Basicity: ERGs can enhance the basicity of a molecule by increasing the electron density on the atom or group that would donate a lone pair of electrons.
4. Stabilization of Positive Charges: These groups can stabilize positive charges on a molecule or group by donating electrons, reducing the electron deficiency.

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