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Full Form of DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Introduction:
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is often referred to as the "building block of life" as it carries the genetic information that determines the traits and characteristics of an organism.

Structure of DNA:
DNA is a double-stranded molecule that resembles a twisted ladder or a spiral staircase. It consists of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair up with each other in a specific pattern: A with T, and C with G. The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.

Key Components of DNA:
- Deoxyribose: DNA contains a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, which gives it the name deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribose is a type of sugar that has five carbon atoms.
- Phosphate Group: DNA also contains a phosphate group, which is attached to the deoxyribose sugar. The phosphate group provides stability to the DNA molecule.
- Nucleotide: A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA. It consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of the four bases (A, T, C, or G). Nucleotides form a long chain by connecting the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide.

Function of DNA:
DNA carries the genetic information that determines the traits and characteristics of an organism. It serves as a blueprint for the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the structure and functioning of cells. The sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is a double-stranded molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is made up of four chemical bases (A, T, C, and G), deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. It serves as a blueprint for protein synthesis and plays a crucial role in determining an organism's traits and characteristics.