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Abnormal constituents in urine?
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Abnormal constituents in urine?
Abnormal Constituents in Urine
Urine is a waste product produced by the kidneys that contains various substances, including water, electrolytes, and metabolic waste products. In normal conditions, urine does not contain any abnormal constituents. However, certain medical conditions or diseases can lead to the presence of abnormal substances in urine, which can provide valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.
1. Glucose
- In normal circumstances, glucose is completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, and urine does not contain any glucose.
- The presence of glucose in urine, known as glucosuria, is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.
- Glucosuria can also occur in other conditions such as renal glycosuria, where the renal tubules are unable to reabsorb glucose properly.
2. Protein
- Proteinuria refers to the presence of excessive amounts of protein in urine.
- In healthy individuals, only small amounts of protein may be present in urine, but significant amounts indicate kidney damage or dysfunction.
- Proteinuria can be caused by various conditions, including kidney infections, glomerulonephritis, and certain autoimmune diseases.
3. Red and White Blood Cells
- The presence of red blood cells (hematuria) or white blood cells (pyuria) in urine can indicate various conditions affecting the urinary tract.
- Hematuria can be caused by urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain cancers.
- Pyuria is commonly associated with urinary tract infections, but it can also be present in conditions such as kidney inflammation or interstitial nephritis.
4. Bilirubin
- Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.
- Its presence in urine, known as bilirubinuria, is usually indicative of liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction.
- Conditions such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or gallstones can lead to bilirubinuria.
5. Ketones
- Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose.
- The presence of ketones in urine, known as ketonuria, is commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes or starvation.
- Ketonuria can also occur in conditions such as alcoholism or a high-fat diet.
6. Crystals
- Crystals can occasionally be found in urine and are usually harmless.
- However, certain types of crystals can indicate an underlying medical condition.
- For example, the presence of calcium oxalate crystals may indicate a risk for kidney stones, while uric acid crystals can be associated with gout.
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Abnormal constituents in urine?
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Abnormal constituents in urine? for NEET 2025 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Abnormal constituents in urine? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Abnormal constituents in urine?.
Abnormal constituents in urine? for NEET 2025 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Abnormal constituents in urine? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Abnormal constituents in urine?.
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