The conservation of rain water in underground tanks that is known as rain harvesting.

Water Harvesting

Water harvesting is the process of collecting and storing rainwater or runoff for future use. It involves the capture, diversion, and storage of rainwater for various purposes such as irrigation, domestic use, and groundwater recharge. Water harvesting is an ancient technique that has been practiced for centuries in arid and semi-arid regions.

Types of Water Harvesting

There are various methods of water harvesting, each suited to different conditions and requirements. Some of the common types include:

1. Rooftop Water Harvesting: This method involves collecting rainwater from rooftops and directing it to storage tanks or underground reservoirs. The collected water can be used for domestic purposes or recharged into the ground.

2. Surface Water Harvesting: This technique involves capturing surface runoff from catchment areas like roads, pavements, and open fields. The water is directed into storage structures such as ponds, tanks, or recharge pits.

3. Groundwater Recharge: Groundwater recharge is the process of replenishing groundwater by allowing rainwater or surface runoff to percolate into the ground. This method helps in replenishing the depleting groundwater levels.

4. Check Dam: A check dam is a small barrier constructed across a stream or river to reduce the speed of water flow and allow sedimentation. It helps in retaining water in the upstream area and recharging groundwater.

5. Percolation Pits: Percolation pits are excavated pits filled with coarse gravel or pebbles. Rainwater or runoff is diverted into these pits, allowing it to percolate slowly into the ground and recharge the aquifers.

6. Contour Bunds: Contour bunds are barriers constructed along the contours of sloping land to prevent soil erosion and water runoff. They help in retaining water on the land, promoting infiltration and groundwater recharge.

7. Well Recharging: Well recharging involves directing rainwater or surface runoff into wells to replenish the groundwater levels. It is particularly useful in areas where wells are the primary source of water.

Benefits of Water Harvesting

Water harvesting offers numerous benefits, both on an individual and community level. Some of the key advantages are:

1. Water Conservation: By capturing and storing rainwater, water harvesting reduces dependence on freshwater sources, thereby conserving water.

2. Groundwater Recharge: Water harvesting techniques replenish groundwater levels, ensuring a sustainable supply of water for future use.

3. Irrigation: Harvested rainwater can be used for irrigation purposes, especially in areas where water availability is limited.

4. Reduced Flooding: Water harvesting helps in reducing flooding by diverting excess water into storage structures or allowing it to percolate into the ground.

5. Improved Water Quality: Rainwater is generally cleaner and free from pollutants compared to other sources. Harvesting rainwater can provide access to safe and clean water for various purposes.

6. Cost Savings: Water harvesting can lead to cost savings by reducing the reliance on expensive water supply systems.

In conclusion, water harvesting is an effective and sustainable technique for conserving and managing water resources. It offers