Question 8: Explain the process of photosynthesis in plants.
Photosynthesis is a vital process in plants where they convert light energy into chemical energy to produce food. Below is a detailed explanation of the process:

1. Light Absorption:
Plants have special pigments like chlorophyll in their chloroplasts that absorb sunlight.

2. Water Absorption:
Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots and transport it to the leaves.

3. Carbon Dioxide Intake:
Carbon dioxide is taken in from the air through tiny pores called stomata on the leaves.

4. Light Reactions:
During this stage, light energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.

5. Calvin Cycle:
In this stage, the energy from the light reactions is used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. This process takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts.

6. Oxygen Release:
Oxygen produced during photosynthesis is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct.

7. Glucose Production:
Glucose, the main product of photosynthesis, is used by the plant for energy and growth.

8. Importance:
Photosynthesis is crucial for the survival of plants and other organisms that depend on them for food. It also helps in maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
By following these steps, plants efficiently utilize sunlight to produce energy-rich molecules that support their growth and development.

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