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When the bob of the pendulum is released after taking it slightly to one side, it:
  • a)
    Begins to move up and down
  • b)
    Begins to move to and fro
  • c)
    Becomes still and does not move
  • d)
    Comes to rest at the mean position
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
When the bob of the pendulum is released after taking it slightly to o...
When the bob of the pendulum is released after taking it slightly to one side, it begins to move to and fro. The to and fro motion of a simple pendulum is an example of a periodic or an oscillatory motion.
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When the bob of the pendulum is released after taking it slightly to o...
Explanation:

When the bob of a pendulum is released after being taken slightly to one side, it begins to move to and fro. This is because of the force of gravity acting on the bob and the tension in the string or rod that supports it.

1. Initial Position:
- When the bob of the pendulum is taken slightly to one side, it is displaced from its equilibrium or mean position.
- The equilibrium position is the position where the bob would naturally come to rest if there were no external forces acting on it.

2. Force of Gravity:
- The force of gravity pulls the bob downwards towards its equilibrium position.
- This force causes the bob to accelerate towards the equilibrium position.

3. Tension in the String/Rod:
- As the bob moves towards the equilibrium position, the tension in the string or rod increases.
- This tension acts as a restoring force, pulling the bob back towards the equilibrium position.

4. Back and Forth Motion:
- The combination of the force of gravity and the tension in the string or rod causes the bob to oscillate back and forth around the equilibrium position.
- The bob moves towards one side, reaches a maximum displacement, then starts moving back towards the other side.
- This motion continues as long as there is no external force or friction to slow it down.

5. Damping and Friction:
- In a real-life pendulum, there is usually some damping or friction present.
- Damping refers to the loss of energy due to air resistance or other factors.
- Over time, the amplitude or maximum displacement of the pendulum's swing decreases, and it eventually comes to rest at the equilibrium position.

Therefore, when the bob of a pendulum is released after being taken slightly to one side, it begins to move to and fro due to the force of gravity and the tension in the string or rod, ultimately coming to rest at the equilibrium position.
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