Meaning of Impurities in Separation of Substances

Impurities are foreign substances that are mixed with a substance and affect its purity. Separation of substances is the process of separating mixtures into their individual components. Impurities are removed during the separation process to obtain a pure substance.

Types of Impurities

There are two types of impurities:

1. Organic impurities: These impurities are derived from living organisms. Examples include bacteria, fungus, and other microorganisms.

2. Inorganic impurities: These impurities are non-living and are typically minerals. Examples include salt, sand, and other minerals.

Effects of Impurities

Impurities affect the properties of a substance. They can alter the melting and boiling points of a substance, and can also change its color, texture, and taste. Impurities can also affect the performance of a substance, making it less effective.

Methods of Separating Impurities

There are several methods to separate impurities from a substance:

1. Filtration: This method is used to separate solid impurities from a liquid. A filter paper is used to trap the impurities, while the liquid passes through.

2. Sedimentation: This method is used to separate solid impurities from a liquid that is allowed to settle. The heavier particles settle at the bottom while the lighter ones float at the top.

3. Decantation: This method is used to separate a liquid from a solid that has settled at the bottom. The liquid is carefully poured off, leaving the solid behind.

4. Evaporation: This method is used to separate a solid from a liquid. The liquid is heated until it evaporates, leaving the solid behind.

Conclusion

Impurities are foreign substances that affect the purity of a substance. They can be removed through various methods of separation, such as filtration, sedimentation, decantation, and evaporation. Separation of substances is important to obtain pure substances for various applications.

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