Methods of Separation

There are various methods of separation that are used to separate different substances. These methods are based on the properties of the substances being separated. Some common methods of separation are:

1. Filtration: Filtration is a method used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing it through a porous material called a filter. The solid particles are trapped in the filter, while the liquid or gas passes through. This method is commonly used to separate impurities from water.

2. Evaporation: Evaporation is the process of vaporizing a liquid to separate it from a solid. It is used when the solid is soluble in the liquid. The liquid is heated, and as it evaporates, the solid is left behind. This method is often used to obtain salt from seawater.

3. Decantation: Decantation is a method used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids, or a liquid and a solid. The mixture is left undisturbed, allowing the heavier component to settle at the bottom. The lighter component is then carefully poured off, leaving the heavier component behind.

4. Sedimentation: Sedimentation is a process in which solid particles settle down at the bottom of a liquid due to gravitational force. This method can be used to separate a mixture of solid particles and a liquid. After sedimentation, decantation can be used to separate the liquid from the solid particles.

5. Centrifugation: Centrifugation is a method used to separate substances of different densities by spinning them at high speeds. The centrifugal force causes the heavier component to move towards the bottom, while the lighter component forms a layer on the top. This method is commonly used in laboratories to separate substances like blood components.

6. Magnetic Separation: Magnetic separation is used to separate magnetic substances from non-magnetic ones. A magnet is used to attract and separate the magnetic particles from a mixture.

7. Chromatography: Chromatography is a method used to separate different components of a mixture based on their ability to be absorbed or dissolved in a particular solvent. The mixture is passed through a stationary phase, which retains some components while allowing others to move more freely.

These are some of the common methods of separation used to separate different substances. Each method is based on specific properties and characteristics of the substances being separated, and the choice of method depends on the nature of the mixture and the desired outcome.

Handpicking, Threshing, Winnowing, Sieving, Churning