Carbylamine Reaction
The Carbylamine reaction, also known as the isocyanide test, is a chemical test used to detect the presence of primary amines in a compound. This test is based on the reaction of primary amines with chloroform and alcoholic potassium hydroxide to form foul-smelling isocyanides.

Mechanism
1. The primary amine reacts with chloroform (CHCl3) and alcoholic potassium hydroxide (KOH) to form an isocyanide.
2. The reaction proceeds through the formation of an intermediate isocyanate, which then rearranges to form the isocyanide.
3. The isocyanide produced in this reaction has a foul odor, hence the name "Carbylamine reaction."

Applications
1. The Carbylamine reaction is commonly used in organic chemistry labs to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
2. Primary amines give a positive test in the Carbylamine reaction, while secondary and tertiary amines do not react.
3. This test is useful in the identification of primary amines in various organic compounds.

Limitations
1. The Carbylamine reaction is not specific for primary amines and can also give false-positive results with compounds containing other functional groups.
2. The foul odor produced in this reaction can be unpleasant, making it less desirable for use in certain environments.
In conclusion, the Carbylamine reaction is a simple and effective test for the detection of primary amines in organic compounds. It is commonly used in organic chemistry labs for qualitative analysis of amines.