< b="" />Full form of DNA:

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

< b="" />Chapter Notes - Cell: Structure and Functions:

< b="" />Cell Structure:
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
- It is composed of various components, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
- The cell membrane acts as a protective barrier and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
- The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that contains various organelles, such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.

< b="" />Cell Functions:
- Cells perform various functions that are essential for the survival and growth of an organism.
- These functions include metabolism, reproduction, growth, and response to stimuli.
- Metabolism involves chemical reactions that help in obtaining energy from nutrients and synthesizing new molecules.
- Reproduction allows cells to divide and produce new cells for growth and repair.
- Growth refers to an increase in cell size and number.
- Cells also respond to stimuli from their environment, such as light, temperature, and chemicals.

< b="" />DNA and Cell Structure:
- DNA is a molecule present in the nucleus of a cell.
- It carries the genetic information that determines the characteristics of an organism.
- DNA is made up of nucleotides, which are composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- The nitrogenous bases include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
- The sequence of these bases in DNA determines the genetic code.
- DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes, which are located inside the nucleus.

< b="" />Functions of DNA:
- DNA serves as a blueprint for the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for various cellular processes.
- It controls the development and functioning of an organism by directing the synthesis of specific proteins.
- DNA replication ensures that each new cell receives a complete copy of the genetic information during cell division.
- DNA also allows for genetic variation and inheritance through processes such as mutation and recombination.

< b="" />Conclusion:
DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic information in cells. It plays a crucial role in the structure and functions of cells, including metabolism, reproduction, growth, and response to stimuli. DNA is organized into chromosomes and serves as a blueprint for protein synthesis. It also allows for genetic variation and inheritance.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) DNA is the chemical name for the molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living things.