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The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene?
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The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in...
Rate of Nitration of Aromatic Compounds
Introduction
Nitration is a chemical reaction in which a nitro group (-NO2) is introduced into an organic compound, typically with the use of nitric acid. The rate of nitration of different aromatic compounds can vary depending on the structure of the compound.
Explanation
The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order:
- Benzene: Benzene is the most reactive of the four compounds due to its high electron density and lack of substituents. The pi electrons in benzene are evenly distributed, making it an ideal target for electrophilic substitution reactions such as nitration.
- Pyridine: Pyridine has a nitrogen atom in its ring structure, which can donate electrons to the ring. This makes the ring less electron-rich than benzene and therefore less reactive towards electrophiles like nitric acid.
- Thiophene: Thiophene has a sulfur atom in its ring structure, which can also donate electrons to the ring. However, sulfur is less electronegative than nitrogen, so thiophene is slightly more reactive than pyridine but still less reactive than benzene.
- Toluene: Toluene has a methyl group attached to the benzene ring, which is electron-donating. This makes the ring more electron-rich and therefore less reactive towards electrophiles like nitric acid. The methyl group also increases steric hindrance around the ring, making it harder for the nitration reaction to occur.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the rate of nitration of aromatic compounds depends on the electron density and substituents present in the ring structure. Benzene is the most reactive towards nitration due to its high electron density, while toluene is the least reactive due to its electron-donating methyl group.
Community Answer
The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in...
Thiophene>Toluene> Benzene> Pyridine
Thiophene forms stable complex after addition of electrophile( Here No2 group). The hetreo atom sulphur in Thiophene can stabilise the intermediate by resonance involving its lone pair .
CH3 group is activating group for electrophilic substitution reaction. So, Toluene have hagher rate in nitration than benzene.
On the other hand Pyridine forms pyridinium ion in presence of Hcl and H2So4 used in nitration reaction and does not undergo nitration reaction.
Thiophene forms stable complex after addition of electrophile( Here No2 group). The hetreo atom sulphur in Thiophene can stabilise the intermediate by resonance involving its lone pair .
CH3 group is activating group for electrophilic substitution reaction. So, Toluene have hagher rate in nitration than benzene.
On the other hand Pyridine forms pyridinium ion in presence of Hcl and H2So4 used in nitration reaction and does not undergo nitration reaction.
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The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene?
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The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene?.
The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The rate of nitration of the following aromatic compounds decreases in the order a)benzene b)pyridine c)thiophene d)toluene?.
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