Introduction:
Water and alcohol both have different boiling points due to the differences in their molecular structures and intermolecular forces. Water has a higher boiling point than alcohol due to its stronger hydrogen bonding and larger dipole moment.

Intermolecular Forces:
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction between molecules. They determine the physical properties of a substance, such as boiling point, melting point, and viscosity. In the case of water and alcohol, the intermolecular forces play a crucial role in determining their boiling points.

Hydrogen Bonding:
Water molecules are polar, meaning they have a positive and a negative end. This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force that requires a large amount of energy to break, resulting in a higher boiling point for water.

Dipole Moment:
The dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a molecule. Water has a larger dipole moment compared to alcohol due to its bent molecular structure and electronegativity differences between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The larger dipole moment in water leads to stronger intermolecular forces, including hydrogen bonding, which contributes to its higher boiling point.

Relative Molecular Mass:
Another factor that affects the boiling point is the relative molecular mass of the substance. Water has a higher molecular mass (18 g/mol) compared to alcohol, such as ethanol (46 g/mol). Higher molecular mass generally corresponds to stronger intermolecular forces, resulting in a higher boiling point.

Summary:
In summary, water has a higher boiling point than alcohol due to its stronger intermolecular forces, including hydrogen bonding and a larger dipole moment. The polarity and hydrogen bonding in water molecules make it more difficult to separate the molecules and convert them from a liquid to a gas, thus requiring a higher temperature to reach the boiling point. Understanding the differences in molecular structure and intermolecular forces helps explain why water and alcohol have different boiling points.