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Needed a Test for this test is not according to exam...? Related: TISS-NET Section Wise & Full Mock Test Series?

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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:The 42nd amendment to the Constitution of India, which is officially known as The Constitution Act, 1976, was enacted during the National Emergency from 25 June 1975 - 21 March 1977 by the Indian National Congress government headed by Indira Gandhi.The 42nd Amendment is regarded as the most controversial constitutional amendment in Indias history. It attempted to reduce the power of the Supreme court and High courts to pronounce upon the constitutional validity of laws, and almost all parts of the Constitution, including the Preamble and amending clause, were changed by the 42nd Amendment, and some new articles and sections were inserted. It laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation.The amendments fifty-nine clauses stripped the Supreme Court of many of its powers and moved the political system toward parliamentary sovereignty. It curtailed democratic rights in the country, and gave sweeping powers to the Prime Minister’s Office. The amendment gave Parliament unrestrained power to amend any parts of the Constitution, without judicial review. It transferred more power from the state governments to the central government, eroding Indias federal structure. The 42nd Amendment also amended the Preamble and changed the description of India from "Sovereign Democratic Republic to a "sovereign socialistic secular democratic republic", and also changed the words "unity of the nation" to "unity and integrity of the nation". Most provisions of the amendment came into effect on 3 January 1977, others were enforced from 1 February and Section 27 came into force on 1 April 1977. This amendment brought about the most widespread changes to the Constitution in its history, and is sometimes called a "mini-Constitution" or the "Constitution of Indira".The Emergency era had been widely unpopular, and the 42nd Amendment was the most controversial issue. The clampdown on civil liberties and widespread abuse of human rights by police angered the public. The Janata Party which had promised to "restore the Constitution to the condition it was in before the Emergency", won the 1977 general elections. The Janata Government then brought about the 43rd and 44th Amendments in 1977 and 1978 respectively, to restore the pre-1976 position to some extent. However, the Janata Party was not able to fully achieve its objectives.On 31 July 1980, in its judgement on Minerva Mills v/s Union of states, the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional two provisions of the 42nd Amendment which prevent any constitutional amendment from being called in question in any Court on any ground and accord precedence to the Directive Principles of State Policy over the Fundamental Rights of individuals respectively. This respectively amends mostly the whole constitution, hence is called a mini-constitution.Q.Why was the 42nd amendment called the Constitution of Indira?

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Directions: The question below is based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by common sense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage.Participants at a continuing legal education seminar were asked to evaluate the seminar schedule, location and topic selection to determine whether changes would increase attendance at next year’s seminar. A majority of the evaluations recommended that the seminar schedule be changed so that the sessions would be held from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. instead of the current 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. schedule. Based upon the results of the evaluations, the sponsors of the seminar decided to change to an earlier schedule for next year’s program.Q. Which of the following selections, if true, would most prove the sponsors right in their decision to change to an earlier schedule next year?

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The questions below are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by common sense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. Participants at a continuing legal education seminar were asked to evaluate the seminar schedule, location and topic selection to determine whether changes would increase attendance at next year’s seminar. A majority of the evaluations recommended that the seminar schedule be changed so that the sessions would be held from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. instead of the current 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. schedule. Based upon the results of the evaluations, the sponsors of the seminar decided to change to an earlier schedule for next year’s program. Which of the following selections, if true, would most prove the sponsors right in their decision to change to an earlier schedule next year?

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Direction: The sentences given in the question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.A. According to scientists from NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the current melting of ice in Greenland is already causing the tilt to change at a rate of approximately 2.6 cm each year.B. While a natural event such as this could bring about major changes to the climate, some scientists are warning that there is a possibility for reverse feedback.C. The Earths orbital tilt is said to vary between 22 and 25 degrees roughly every 41,000 years.D. In other words, instead of an orbital tilt causing climate change, current changes in climate could end up causing changes in the Earths axial tilt.

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