PROBLEMS WITH MUNRO SYSTEM:-
1. After the Munro system was imposed, it was felt that it did not work well.
2. The revenue officials fixed too high revenue demand.
3. Peasants were not able to pay and ryots fled to countryside deserting villages in many regions.
4. It was felt that the new system would transform the peasants into rich farmers, but it failed to happen.

Introduction:
The Munro or Ryotwari system was introduced by Thomas Munro, an English administrator, in the early 19th century. It aimed to replace the existing zamindari system and establish direct contact between the British government and the peasants. While the system aimed to address some of the problems faced by the peasants under the zamindari system, it also had its own set of challenges.

1. Land Revenue:
Under the Munro or Ryotwari system, the peasants were required to pay a fixed amount of revenue directly to the British government. However, the revenue demand was often high and inflexible, leading to a heavy burden on the peasants. If they failed to pay the revenue, their land would be seized, and they would lose their livelihoods.

2. Lack of Security of Tenure:
Unlike the zamindari system, where the zamindars acted as intermediaries between the peasants and the British government, the Munro system eliminated intermediaries. This meant that the peasants had direct contact with the government, but it also meant that they had no security of tenure. The government could easily increase the revenue demands or seize the land without any intermediary to negotiate on behalf of the peasants.

3. Lack of Infrastructure Support:
The peasants faced challenges in terms of infrastructure support under the Munro system. The government did not provide any assistance for the development of irrigation facilities, which severely affected agricultural productivity. Without proper irrigation, the peasants struggled to cultivate their lands effectively and suffered from crop failures.

4. Lack of Awareness and Education:
The peasants faced a lack of awareness and education under the Munro system. They were often illiterate and unaware of their rights and obligations. This made them vulnerable to exploitation by government officials and moneylenders who took advantage of their ignorance.

5. Exploitation by Moneylenders:
With the abolition of intermediaries, moneylenders took advantage of the peasants' financial needs and charged exorbitant interest rates. The peasants often had to borrow money to pay the revenue demands, leading to a cycle of debt and poverty.

Conclusion:
While the Munro or Ryotwari system aimed to address some of the problems faced by the peasants under the zamindari system, it also introduced its own set of challenges. The heavy revenue demands, lack of security of tenure, lack of infrastructure support, lack of awareness and education, and exploitation by moneylenders were some of the problems faced by the peasants under this system. These challenges highlighted the need for a more equitable and sustainable land revenue system that could uplift the living conditions of the peasants.