**He** in the above lines refers to the author's grandfather.

**Summary - How I Taught My Grandmother to Read:**

The story "How I Taught My Grandmother to Read" is written by Sudha Murthy. The narrator, a young girl, recalls her experience of teaching her illiterate grandmother how to read. The story highlights the importance of literacy and the transformative power of education.

The narrator's grandmother lived in a village and was illiterate. She could not read the letters or understand the content of the newspapers. This made her feel left out and dependent on others for even the simplest tasks. The narrator, being an educated girl, was determined to help her grandmother overcome this barrier.

The narrator's grandfather was skeptical about the idea of teaching an old woman to read. He believed that it was pointless and that her age would be a hindrance. However, the narrator was persistent and convinced him to let her try.

The narrator started by teaching her grandmother the alphabet. She used a stick to draw the letters on the sand and made her grandmother trace them with her finger. Initially, her grandmother found it difficult and frustrating, but the narrator patiently encouraged her and made learning a fun activity.

Gradually, the grandmother began to recognize letters and form simple words. The narrator used various methods to make the learning process enjoyable, such as creating stories around the words and using pictures to associate them with objects.

With time, the grandmother's reading skills improved, and she gained confidence. She started reading newspapers and even began writing letters to her son who lived in a city. The joy and sense of accomplishment that the grandmother felt were overwhelming, and it brought a positive change in her life.

The story emphasizes the transformative power of education and the impact it can have on individuals, regardless of their age. It showcases the determination and perseverance of the narrator to bring literacy to her grandmother's life, proving that age should never be a barrier to learning.

Overall, "How I Taught My Grandmother to Read" is a heartwarming story that highlights the importance of education and the positive changes it can bring to individuals and their communities.