Optical fibre communication uses the principle ofa)light path reversibilityb)least actionc)light scatteringd)Total internal reflectionCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Answer

Answer

When light traveling in an optically dense medium hits a boundary at a steep angle (larger than the critical angle for the boundary), the light is completely reflected. This is called total internal reflection. This effect is used in optical fibers to confine light in the core.

Answer

Total internal reflection is the principle used in optical fiber communication. This principle states that when light travels through a medium with a higher refractive index and encounters a boundary with a medium of lower refractive index at an angle greater than the critical angle, the light is completely reflected back into the higher refractive index medium instead of being refracted.

Optical fibers are thin, flexible strands made of high-quality glass or plastic that can transmit light signals over long distances. They consist of a core, which is the innermost part of the fiber where the light travels, and a cladding, which is the outer layer that surrounds the core.

Here's how total internal reflection works in optical fibers:

1. Core and Cladding:
The core of the optical fiber has a higher refractive index than the cladding. This means that light travels slower in the cladding than in the core. The difference in refractive index between the core and cladding is carefully chosen to ensure total internal reflection.

2. Incident Angle:
When light enters the core of the fiber from one end, it does so at an angle greater than the critical angle. The critical angle is the angle of incidence where light is just on the verge of being refracted. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs.

3. Total Internal Reflection:
As the light travels through the core, it undergoes multiple reflections at the core-cladding boundary due to total internal reflection. The light bounces off the boundary and continues to propagate down the fiber without significant loss of energy.

4. Signal Transmission:
The light signals are transmitted through the fiber by a process called total internal reflection. The signals can be in the form of digital data, voice, or video. The information is carried by modulating the intensity or frequency of the light.

5. Low Loss:
Total internal reflection ensures that the light signals experience very low loss as they travel through the fiber. This allows for long-distance transmission without the need for frequent amplification or regeneration of the signals.

In conclusion, optical fiber communication utilizes the principle of total internal reflection to transmit light signals through the core of the fiber with minimal loss. This technology has revolutionized long-distance communication and is widely used in telecommunications, internet connectivity, and other applications.

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