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Gradually varied flow in open channel is caused when
  • a)
    There is an equilibrium between the forces causing the flow and those opposing it
  • b)
    The pressure forces and the change in momentum are different from each other
  • c)
    The force causing the flow is not equal to the resistance force
  • d)
    The channel slope is equal to the normal slope
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Gradually varied flow in open channel is caused whena)There is an equi...
If the flow is subcritical, then after the introduction of hump the specific energy will decrease by ΔZ (height of hump).
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Gradually varied flow in open channel is caused whena)There is an equi...
Gradually varied flow in open channel is caused when the channel slope is equal to the normal slope. This is because the normal slope represents the slope at which the water surface would be if the channel were infinitely wide and flat.

Explanation:
Gradually varied flow refers to a situation where the water surface slope varies gradually along the length of the channel. This can happen when the flow rate changes, or when the channel slope changes. In the case of a constant flow rate, gradually varied flow occurs when the channel slope is equal to the normal slope.

The normal slope is the slope that the water surface would take if the channel were infinitely wide and flat, with no resistance to flow. In reality, channels are not infinitely wide and flat, and there is always some resistance to flow. This resistance can cause the water surface to slope differently than the normal slope.

When the channel slope is equal to the normal slope, the forces causing the flow and those opposing it are in equilibrium. This means that there is no net force acting on the water in the channel, and the water surface remains at a constant slope. This condition is known as uniform flow, and it is the ideal condition for many engineering applications.

In summary, gradually varied flow in open channel is caused when the channel slope is equal to the normal slope because it represents a condition of equilibrium between the forces causing the flow and those opposing it.
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Gradually varied flow in open channel is caused whena)There is an equilibrium between the forces causing the flow and those opposing itb)The pressure forces and the change in momentum are different from each otherc)The force causing the flow is not equal to the resistance forced)The channel slope is equal to the normal slopeCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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