Poverty Ratio in the State of Orissa

The correct answer is option 'B', which states that the poverty ratio in the state of Orissa is 32.6%. Let's delve into the details and understand this answer.

Understanding Poverty Ratio
The poverty ratio is a measure that indicates the percentage of the population living below the poverty line. It helps us understand the extent of poverty in a particular region or country. This ratio is calculated by comparing the number of people living below the poverty line to the total population.

The State of Orissa
Orissa, now known as Odisha, is a state located in eastern India. It is known for its rich culture, heritage, and natural resources. However, like many other states in India, poverty remains a significant concern in Orissa.

Poverty Ratio in Orissa
According to the available data, the poverty ratio in Orissa is 32.6%. This means that 32.6% of the population in the state is living below the poverty line. It is important to note that this data might vary over time as poverty alleviation measures are implemented and socioeconomic conditions change.

Factors Influencing Poverty
Several factors contribute to the high poverty ratio in Orissa. These factors include:

1. Low Agricultural Productivity: Agriculture is a major source of income for a significant portion of the population in Orissa. However, low agricultural productivity due to factors like inadequate irrigation facilities, fragmented landholdings, and lack of access to modern farming techniques contribute to poverty.

2. Unemployment and Underemployment: Lack of employment opportunities and underemployment are significant issues in Orissa. Limited job opportunities, particularly in rural areas, lead to a high poverty ratio.

3. Infrastructure and Connectivity: Inadequate infrastructure, including road networks, transportation facilities, and access to basic amenities, adversely affect the living conditions of the population. This hinders economic growth and contributes to poverty.

4. Education and Healthcare: Limited access to quality education and healthcare services further perpetuates poverty in Orissa. Lack of education and healthcare facilities prevent individuals from acquiring necessary skills and lead healthy lives, hindering their socioeconomic progress.

Government Initiatives
The Government of India, in collaboration with the state government, has implemented various poverty alleviation programs in Orissa. Some of the notable initiatives include:

1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA): This program guarantees 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

2. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY): This scheme aims to provide affordable housing to all eligible beneficiaries in urban and rural areas. It focuses on ensuring housing for all by 2022.

3. National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM): NRLM aims to reduce poverty by promoting financial inclusion, livelihood opportunities, and social mobilization of rural households.

4. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): This program focuses on providing quality elementary education to all children, including those from disadvantaged backgrounds.

These initiatives, along with others, aim to reduce