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DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.
TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.
This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and norms
While the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on 'diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development', TRlPs and WTO are pushing for 'conformity' to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?
Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads to
  • a)
    Diseases among the consumers
  • b)
    Diseases among the plants
  • c)
    Monopoly of developed countries
  • d)
    Monopoly of developing countries
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question ...
Para 4 states line 5...... "Narrowing of genetic base... more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics"
Therefore B is the right answer
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Most Upvoted Answer
DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question ...
Impact of Higher-Yield Seed Varieties
The passage highlights the complex relationship between the adoption of higher-yield seed varieties and biodiversity. The author emphasizes that while these seeds can enhance agricultural productivity, they also come with potential drawbacks.
Vulnerability to Plant Diseases
- Higher-yield seed varieties often lead to a narrowing of the genetic base in crop production.
- This reduced diversity makes crops more susceptible to plant diseases and epidemics.
- When a limited number of varieties are grown extensively, a single disease can potentially wipe out large swathes of crops, leading to economic losses and food insecurity.
Historical Context
- The passage references the Green Revolution of the mid-sixties, which introduced new agricultural technologies and higher-yield varieties.
- Although these innovations aimed to improve food production, they inadvertently encouraged farmers to reduce the variety of crops they cultivated, further exacerbating the issue of vulnerability.
Contradiction with Biodiversity Principles
- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) asserts that intellectual property rights should not conflict with biodiversity conservation.
- However, the TRIPs agreement promotes uniformity in agricultural production, which undermines the diversity that is crucial for sustainability.
Conclusion
- Therefore, the correct answer (B) indicates that while higher-yield seed varieties may initially seem beneficial, they can ultimately lead to increased susceptibility to diseases among plants due to reduced genetic diversity. This highlights the tension between agricultural productivity and the need for biodiversity, a key theme in the passage.
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DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2025 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.TRIPs agreement provides a comprehensive set of global trade rules for the protection of copyright patents, trademarks, industrial designs, trade secrets, semiconductor lay out designs, and geographical indications, that apply to all the member-countries irrespective of their levels of development, natural and human endowments and history. Every member-country has been asked by the WTO to amend its national patent law to conform to that universal, globalised format. Under Article 65, the developed countries have been asked to change their laws and the less developed countries within another five years, and an additional five years for legislation relating to pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, alloys, etc. The least developed countries have been asked to make those changes by 2005 AD.This attempt at global standardisation and uniformity by way of TRIPs agreement is in conflict with the main thrust of the Rio Earth Summit of 1992 that set out the conditions for sustainable development. These two revel two contrasting types of international approaches and normsWhile the 1992 Earth Summit and the 1993 convention on bio-diversity focused on diversity as being fundamental to sustain life and development, TRlPs and WTO are pushing for conformity to international standardized norms on patents, services, labour, investment and what not irrespective of their history, ecology, level of economic development, etc. But despite their diametrically opposed viewpoints, 170 countries signed CBD upholding the need for diversity, and 50 countries signed the TRIPs agreement in 1994 claiming the urgency of uniformity, with a very large element of common names (130) in both. The convention on bio-diversity in its Article 16.5 specifically asserts that intellectual property right must not be in conflict with conservation on and sustainable use of bio-diversity, a provision that has been totally ignored by those who compose the TRlPs agreement. While in case of agriculture the higher yield of patented products induces the farmers to switch from a more varied production pattern, the resulting narrowing of genetic base makes the economy and society more vulnerable to plant diseases and epidemics. Ii is true that the move towards cultivation of a smaller number of higher yielding varieties and the uniform spread of the same variety over a large space predates the present debate on patent, particularly since the introduction of the green revolution technology in the mid-sixties, but there can be no doubt that the latter has brought about a qualitative change in the scenario and has created possibility of a vast quantitative change too in that direction. So far no attempt has been made to reconcile the two conflicting approaches of CBD and TRIPs. If diversity is so important for sustaining life, how can WTO demand conformity to standardised global formats?Q. According to the author, a higher-yield seed variety is not always welcome as it also ultimately leads toa)Diseases among the consumersb)Diseases among the plantsc)Monopoly of developed countriesd)Monopoly of developing countriesCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
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