CAT Exam  >  CAT Questions  >   The passage given below is followed by four ... Start Learning for Free
The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.
The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.
The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.
  • a)
    There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.
  • b)
    Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.
  • c)
    Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.
  • d)
    Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the opt...
The main points of the passage are that the relation between sports participation and deviation have not been established and that there is not sufficient evidence to prove the relationship.
Option A is distorted because it states that the relationship is already established.
Option B mentions all the relevant points.
Option C does not talk about the relationship and hence, ruled out.
Option D distorts what is given in the paragraph by saying that latter researchers have "proved" there is no consistent relationship. Thus, it can be eliminated.
Hence, option B is the correct answer.
View all questions of this test
Explore Courses for CAT exam

Similar CAT Doubts

DIRECTIONS for the question:Read the passage and answer the question based on it.In the technological economy of the twenty-first century, growth and prosperity are the consequences of a virtuous cycle between innovation and demand. Innovation is how we solve problems and raise living standards, while consumer demand is how markets distribute and incentivize innovation. It is social, civic, and economic inclusion—the full, robust participation of as many people as possible—that drives both innovation and demand. And inclusion requires policies that secure a thriving middle class.The trickle-down theory—the one that lionizes the rich as “job creators”—insists that the American middle class is a consequence of growth, and that only if and when we have growth can we afford to include more people in our economy. But trickle-down has it exactly backwards: Properly understood, the middle class is the source of all growth and prosperity in a modern technological economy, and economic security is the essential feature of what it means to be included in the middle class.Economic security is what frees us from the fear that one job loss, one illness—one economic downturn amidst a business cycle guaranteed to produce economic downturns—could cost us our home, our car, our family, and our social status. It’s what grants us permission to invest in ourselves and in our children, and to purchase the non-subsistence goods and experiences that make our lives healthier, happier, and more fulfilling. It gives us the confidence to live our lives with the realistic expectation of a more prosperous and stable economic future, and to take the entrepreneurial risks that are the lifeblood of a vibrant market economy. A secure middle class is the cause of growth, not its effect; in fact, our economy cannot reach its full potential without it. And a middle class that lives in constant fear of falling out of the middle class isn’t truly middle class at all.From 1950 through 1980, during the heyday of the Great American Middle Class, a combination of New Deal programs, a corporate culture of civic responsibility, and a powerful labor movement provided a majority of American workers with health insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, pensions, job security, rising wages, overtime pay, paid vacation, paid sick days, a 40-hour workweek, and access to affordable, high-quality education. These are the benefits that provide the economic security of a decent and dignified life that defines what it means to be middle class, and that led to an unprecedented increase in living standards and economic growth. And under the old economy, they were, and still are, largely provided by one’s employer.But in transforming the traditional relationship between employer and employee, the new economy is quickly stripping away these benefits. That is why it is essential that we imagine and adopt new policies that guarantee all workers the basic level of economic security necessary to sustain and grow the American middle class, and with it, the economy as a whole. We must acknowledge the radically different needs of a new generation of Americans—many of whom already have more employers in a week than their parents had in a lifetime—by adopting a new “Shared Security System” designed to fit the flexible employment relationships of the “sharing economy.”Q.According to the author of the passage, innovation and demand are

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of peoples lives.Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someones physical and mental health.Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed Western nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and ones place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.Whereas social integration involves relationships characterized by closeness, support, and friendship, social stratification involves interactions featuring differences in power, status, and resources. A considerable body of research indicates that people who are more powerful, of higher status, and wealthier have mental health problems as compared with those who possess fewer resources. In addition, relationships that are relatively egalitarian promote more overall positive mental health than those that feature sharp distinctions in the amount of power and control that each member has.Q.In contrast to western cultures, what do collectivist cultures do?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of peoples lives.Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someones physical and mental health.Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed Western nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and ones place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.Whereas social integration involves relationships characterized by closeness, support, and friendship, social stratification involves interactions featuring differences in power, status, and resources. A considerable body of research indicates that people who are more powerful, of higher status, and wealthier have mental health problems as compared with those who possess fewer resources. In addition, relationships that are relatively egalitarian promote more overall positive mental health than those that feature sharp distinctions in the amount of power and control that each member has.Q.What type of relationships promote overall positive mental health?

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below:Sociologists study how people get along together in groups. They study culture, social groups and how they affect individuals. The sociology of depression looks at the cultural context in which people live. It also looks at the social stresses that people encounter as a part of life. The sociological aspects of depression are both influenced by and also influence the other biological and psychological aspects of peoples lives.Culture and the ethnic group that people come from are important aspects of health and illness. A new branch of medicine, known as ethnomedicine, focuses on the role of culture, perception, and context in shaping someones physical and mental health.Previously, it was thought that depression primarily affected people in developed Western nations and that other cultures did not suffer from this condition. Ethnomedical studies suggest that this idea may have more to do cultural perceptions of what symptoms become labeled as a depressive disorder. It also has to do with how occurrences of depression are recorded for statistical purposes and how depression is thought of within particular cultures.Ethnomedical research suggests that cultural differences in focusing on oneself and ones place within the social group are linked to the amount of depression that occurs. Some of this difference comes from the individualistic vs. collectivistic orientation of a particular culture. In Western cultures, individuals are ideally viewed as independent, separate people striving for individual achievement and success. In contrast, other cultures view the family or society as being of more importance than the individual. Many times, personal happiness is sacrificed for the good of the larger group in such cultures. Very little thought is given to particular individuals within such cultures. For example, in traditional Asian cultures it is common for one member of the family to work hard and share a paycheck with the entire extended family. Some authors suggest that because people from collectivistic cultures are not encouraged to place much importance on personal gratification, they do not spend time feeling frustrated about their failure to achieve personal success. As a result, the lack of focus on the self can lead to a decrease or absence of the development of depressive disorders.Whereas social integration involves relationships characterized by closeness, support, and friendship, social stratification involves interactions featuring differences in power, status, and resources. A considerable body of research indicates that people who are more powerful, of higher status, and wealthier have mental health problems as compared with those who possess fewer resources. In addition, relationships that are relatively egalitarian promote more overall positive mental health than those that feature sharp distinctions in the amount of power and control that each member has.Q.Which of the following statements is true?

The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2024 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.The early optimism about sport's deterrent effects on delinquency was premature as researchers failed to find any consistent relationships between sports participation and deviance. As the initial studies were based upon cross-sectional data and the effects captured were short-term, it was problematic to test and verify the temporal sequencing of events suggested by the deterrence theory.The correlation between sport and delinquency could not be disentangled from class and cultural variables known. Choosing individuals to play sports in the first place was problematic, which became more acute in the subsequent decades as researchers began to document just how closely sports participation was linked to social class indicators.a) There is a direct relationship between sport participation and delinquency but it needs more empirical evidence.b) Statistical and empirical weaknesses stand in the way of inferring any relationship between sports participation and deviance.c) Sports participation is linked to class and cultural variables such as education, income, and social capital.d) Contradicting the previous optimism, latter researchers have proved that there is no consistent relationship between sports participation and deviance.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
Explore Courses for CAT exam

Top Courses for CAT

Explore Courses
Signup for Free!
Signup to see your scores go up within 7 days! Learn & Practice with 1000+ FREE Notes, Videos & Tests.
10M+ students study on EduRev