The organic matter in soil derives from plants, animals and microorganisms. ... When it decays to the point in which it is no longer recognizable, it is called soil organic matter. When the organic matter has broken down into a stable substance that resists further decomposition it is called humus.

Humus: The Soil Matter Formed by Decayed Organic Matter

Humus is the dark, organic matter that forms in soil as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal materials. It is a complex mixture of organic compounds that serve as a vital source of nutrients for plant growth. Humus is considered one of the most important components of healthy soil.

Formation of Humus:

Humus is formed by the decomposition of organic matter. When plants and animals die, their bodies begin to break down. Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms consume the dead material and break it down into simpler compounds. These compounds are then transformed into humus through a process called humification.

Benefits of Humus:

Humus has a number of benefits for soil and plant health:

1. Nutrient Retention: Humus can absorb and hold onto nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making them available to plants over a longer period of time.

2. Water Retention: Humus can also hold onto water, reducing the need for frequent watering.

3. Soil Structure: Humus helps improve soil structure, making it more resistant to erosion and compaction.

4. pH Balance: Humus can help balance soil pH levels, making it easier for plants to absorb nutrients.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, humus is a critical component of healthy soil. It is formed through the decomposition of organic matter and provides a wide range of benefits for plant growth and soil health.

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