Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells:
- Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells.
- They do not have a defined nucleus; instead, their genetic material is located in the nucleoid region.
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
- They have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, which provides structural support.
- Examples of prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotic Cells:
- Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger in size compared to prokaryotic cells.
- They have a defined nucleus that houses the genetic material in the form of chromosomes.
- Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions, such as mitochondria for energy production and Golgi apparatus for protein processing.
- They have a cytoskeleton that helps maintain cell shape and facilitates cell movement.
- Examples of eukaryotic cells include plant cells, animal cells, fungi, and protists.

Main Differences:
1. Nucleus: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus.
2. Organelles: Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells contain various organelles.
3. Size and Complexity: Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, whereas eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex.
4. Cell Wall: Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while eukaryotic cells may or may not have a cell wall, depending on the organism.
Overall, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have distinct structural and functional differences that contribute to their diverse roles in living organisms.