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How 2 or more molecules show resonance
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How 2 or more molecules show resonance
Resonance is seen in those molecules which have alternate single and double bond. Due to the delocalisation of pi electrons resonating structures are formed.
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How 2 or more molecules show resonance
Alternate single pi and conjugation is follewed by +or-charges
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Maxwell Distribution Function In a given mass of gas, the velocities of all molecules are not the same, even when bulk parameters like pressure, volume and temperature are fixed. Collisions change the direction and the speed of molecules. However in a state of equilibrium, the distribution of speeds is constant or fixed. Distributions are very important and useful when dealing with systems containing large number of objects. As an example consider the ages of different persons in a city. It is not feasible to deal with the age of each individual. We can divide the people into groups: children up to age 20 years, adults between ages of 20 and 60, old people above 60. If we want more detailed information we can choose smaller intervals, 0–1, 1–2,..., 99– 100 of age groups. When the size of the interval becomes smaller, say half year, the number of persons in the interval will also reduce, roughly half the original number in the one year interval. The number of persons dN(x) in the age interval x and x + dx is proportional to dx or dN(x) = nx dx. We have used nx to denote the number of persons at the value of x. In a similar way the molecular speed distribution gives the number of molecules between the speeds v and v + dv. dN(v) = 4p N a3 e–bv2v2dv = nvdv. This is called Maxwell distribution.The plot of nv against v is shown in the figure. The fraction of the molecules with speeds v and v + dv is equal to the area of the strip shown. The average of any quantity like v2 is defined by the integralwhich agrees with the result derived from more elementary considerations.Q. The molecular speed distribution of number of molecules between the speeds v and v+ dv is given by

Maxwell Distribution Function In a given mass of gas, the velocities of all molecules are not the same, even when bulk parameters like pressure, volume and temperature are fixed. Collisions change the direction and the speed of molecules. However in a state of equilibrium, the distribution of speeds is constant or fixed. Distributions are very important and useful when dealing with systems containing large number of objects. As an example consider the ages of different persons in a city. It is not feasible to deal with the age of each individual. We can divide the people into groups: children up to age 20 years, adults between ages of 20 and 60, old people above 60. If we want more detailed information we can choose smaller intervals, 0–1, 1–2,..., 99– 100 of age groups. When the size of the interval becomes smaller, say half year, the number of persons in the interval will also reduce, roughly half the original number in the one year interval. The number of persons dN(x) in the age interval x and x + dx is proportional to dx or dN(x) = nx dx. We have used nx to denote the number of persons at the value of x. In a similar way the molecular speed distribution gives the number of molecules between the speeds v and v + dv. dN(v) = 4p N a3 e–bv2v2dv = nvdv. This is called Maxwell distribution.The plot of nv against v is shown in the figure. The fraction of the molecules with speeds v and v + dv is equal to the area of the strip shown. The average of any quantity like v2 is defined by the integralwhich agrees with the result derived from more elementary considerations.Q. The plots of nv against V are shown in the figures. Which figure shows the fraction of the molecules with speeds between V1 and V2 shown by shaded area?

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Molecular Perspective In water, there are two types of molecules. Some molecules are at the surface, called exterior molecules, and some molecules are inside, called interior molecules. The interior molecules are attracted to all the molecules around them. The exterior molecules are attracted to only the other surface molecules and to those below the surface. So that the energy state of the molecules on the interior is much lower than that of the molecules on the exterior. The molecules always try to maintain a lower energy state and hence the exterior molecules experience a downward force. This force is known as cohesive force. As a result they try to maintain a minimum surface area, thus allowing more molecules to have a lower energy state. Thus surface tension is created. The water molecules attract one another due to the water molecule’s polar property. The hydrogen ends, which are positive in comparison to the negative ends of the oxygen, cause water to "stick " together. This is why there is surface tension. Water has very high surface tension. It is 72.8 milli newton per meter at 20°C.Q. Surface tension of water is

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Molecular Perspective In water, there are two types of molecules. Some molecules are at the surface, called exterior molecules, and some molecules are inside, called interior molecules. The interior molecules are attracted to all the molecules around them. The exterior molecules are attracted to only the other surface molecules and to those below the surface. So that the energy state of the molecules on the interior is much lower than that of the molecules on the exterior. The molecules always try to maintain a lower energy state and hence the exterior molecules experience a downward force. This force is known as cohesive force. As a result they try to maintain a minimum surface area, thus allowing more molecules to have a lower energy state. Thus surface tension is created. The water molecules attract one another due to the water molecule’s polar property. The hydrogen ends, which are positive in comparison to the negative ends of the oxygen, cause water to "stick " together. This is why there is surface tension. Water has very high surface tension. It is 72.8 milli newton per meter at 20°C.Q. The energy state of the interior molecules of a fluid is

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