**Concerned Element at Macro Level:**

The concerned element at the macro level in this scenario is the External Environment. The external environment refers to the factors and forces outside the organization that can potentially impact its operations and decision-making processes. It consists of various components such as political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. In this case, the external environment factors that are of relevance include terrorism, taxation policy, landing rights for foreign countries, and consumer legislation for compensation of cancelled flights.

**Impact of Terrorism:**

Terrorism is a significant concern for airlines operating in international markets. It poses a threat to the safety and security of passengers, crew members, and aircraft. Air India needs to assess the level of terrorism risk in countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China before extending its flights to these destinations. Factors such as political stability, presence of extremist groups, and history of terrorist attacks need to be considered. The airline will need to implement strict security measures and collaborate with local authorities to minimize the risk of terrorist activities.

**Taxation Policy:**

Taxation policies can have a significant impact on the profitability of airlines. Air India needs to understand the tax regulations in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China to determine the financial feasibility of operating flights to these countries. Factors such as corporate tax rates, import duties on aviation fuel, and passenger taxes need to be evaluated. The airline may need to negotiate tax incentives or exemptions with the respective governments to ensure competitive pricing and profitability.

**Landing Rights for Foreign Countries:**

Obtaining landing rights is crucial for airlines to operate international flights. Air India needs to work out the landing rights agreements with the governments of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China. These agreements will determine the number of flights, routes, and destinations that the airline can serve. Negotiations may involve discussions on bilateral air service agreements, airport infrastructure, and traffic rights. The airline will need to ensure fair and equitable access to landing slots and terminal facilities to operate efficiently in these countries.

**Consumer Legislation for Compensation of Cancelled Flights:**

Consumer legislation plays a vital role in protecting the rights and interests of passengers. Air India needs to understand the consumer legislation in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China to ensure compliance and provide adequate compensation in case of cancelled flights or other disruptions. This may include provisions for refunding tickets, providing alternative transportation, or compensating passengers for inconvenience or financial losses. The airline will need to establish clear policies and procedures to handle such situations and ensure effective communication with affected passengers.

In conclusion, the concerned element at the macro level in this scenario is the External Environment, which includes factors such as terrorism, taxation policy, landing rights for foreign countries, and consumer legislation for compensation of cancelled flights. Air India needs to carefully analyze and address these factors to successfully extend its international flights to Pakistan, Afghanistan, and China over the next three years.

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