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Consider three CPU-intensive processes, which require 10, 20 and 30 time units and arrive at times 0, 2 and 6, respectively. How many context switches are needed if the operating system implements a shortest remaining time first scheduling algorithm? Do not count the context switches at time zero and at the end.
- a)1
- b)2
- c)3
- d)4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider three CPU-intensive processes, which require 10, 20 and 30 ti...
Shortest remaining time, also known as shortest remaining time first (SRTF), is a scheduling method that is a pre-emptive version of shortest job next scheduling. In this scheduling algorithm, the process with the smallest amount of time remaining until completion is selected to execute. Since the currently executing process is the one with the shortest amount of time remaining by definition, and since that time should only reduce as execution progresses, processes will always run until they complete or a new process is added that requires a smaller amount of time. Solution: Let three process be P0, P1 and P2 with arrival times 0, 2 and 6 respectively and CPU burst times 10, 20 and 30 respectively. At time 0, P0 is the only available process so it runs. At time 2, P1 arrives, but P0 has the shortest remaining time, so it continues. At time 6, P2 also arrives, but P0 still has the shortest remaining time, so it continues. At time 10, P1 is scheduled as it is the shortest remaining time process. At time 30, P2 is scheduled. Only two context switches are needed. P0 to P1 and P1 to P2.
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Consider three CPU-intensive processes, which require 10, 20 and 30 ti...
Shortest Remaining Time First Scheduling Algorithm
- Shortest Remaining Time First is a preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm in which the process with the smallest amount of time remaining until completion is selected to execute.
- In this algorithm, the ready queue is always sorted by the remaining time of the processes.
- Whenever a new process arrives, it is compared with the currently executing process, and if the new process has a shorter remaining time, the currently executing process is preempted and the new process is scheduled for execution.
Given Processes
- Three CPU-intensive processes have been given with their arrival times and CPU burst times.
- Process 1: Arrival Time = 0, CPU Burst Time = 10
- Process 2: Arrival Time = 2, CPU Burst Time = 20
- Process 3: Arrival Time = 6, CPU Burst Time = 30
Calculation of Context Switches
- The processes will be executed in the following order based on their remaining CPU burst times:
- Process 1, Process 2, Process 3
- At time 0, Process 1 is the only process in the ready queue, so it is started and executed until completion without any context switch.
- At time 10, Process 2 arrives and has a shorter remaining time than Process 1, so Process 1 is preempted and Process 2 is scheduled for execution. This requires one context switch.
- At time 30, Process 3 arrives and has a shorter remaining time than Process 2, so Process 2 is preempted and Process 3 is scheduled for execution. This requires another context switch.
- Finally, at time 60, Process 3 completes its execution without any context switch.
- Therefore, the total number of context switches required is 2 (excluding the context switches at time 0 and at the end).
- Hence, option (B) is the correct answer.
- Shortest Remaining Time First is a preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm in which the process with the smallest amount of time remaining until completion is selected to execute.
- In this algorithm, the ready queue is always sorted by the remaining time of the processes.
- Whenever a new process arrives, it is compared with the currently executing process, and if the new process has a shorter remaining time, the currently executing process is preempted and the new process is scheduled for execution.
Given Processes
- Three CPU-intensive processes have been given with their arrival times and CPU burst times.
- Process 1: Arrival Time = 0, CPU Burst Time = 10
- Process 2: Arrival Time = 2, CPU Burst Time = 20
- Process 3: Arrival Time = 6, CPU Burst Time = 30
Calculation of Context Switches
- The processes will be executed in the following order based on their remaining CPU burst times:
- Process 1, Process 2, Process 3
- At time 0, Process 1 is the only process in the ready queue, so it is started and executed until completion without any context switch.
- At time 10, Process 2 arrives and has a shorter remaining time than Process 1, so Process 1 is preempted and Process 2 is scheduled for execution. This requires one context switch.
- At time 30, Process 3 arrives and has a shorter remaining time than Process 2, so Process 2 is preempted and Process 3 is scheduled for execution. This requires another context switch.
- Finally, at time 60, Process 3 completes its execution without any context switch.
- Therefore, the total number of context switches required is 2 (excluding the context switches at time 0 and at the end).
- Hence, option (B) is the correct answer.
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Consider three CPU-intensive processes, which require 10, 20 and 30 time units and arrive at times 0, 2 and 6, respectively. How many context switches are needed if the operating system implements a shortest remaining time first scheduling algorithm? Do not count the context switches at time zero and at the end.a)1b)2c)3d)4Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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