Summary of Chapter 3 Bharat ki Khoj Class 8

The third chapter of the book Bharat ki Khoj introduces the period of the Harappan Civilization. The chapter covers the following topics:

Indus Valley Civilization
The chapter begins with the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization and the uncovering of the city of Harappa by archaeologists in 1921. The chapter goes on to describe the features of the civilization, such as the well-planned cities, the drainage system, and the script that is yet to be deciphered.

Life and Culture in Indus Valley Civilization
The chapter also discusses the daily life and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization. It describes the various types of houses, the food habits of the people, the clothes they wore, and the games they played. It also highlights the importance of religion in their lives and the various symbols and figurines that have been found.

Trade and Commerce
The chapter further sheds light on the trade and commerce of the Indus Valley Civilization. It describes the various items that were traded, such as cotton, ivory, and beads, and the trade routes that were used. It also talks about the seals that were used to mark goods and how they have been found as far as Mesopotamia.

Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
The chapter concludes with a discussion on the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. It mentions the various theories put forth by scholars, such as natural disasters, invasion, and ecological changes. It also talks about the legacy of the civilization and how it has influenced the culture of India.

Overall, the chapter provides an introduction to the Indus Valley Civilization and its various aspects. It highlights the advancements made by the civilization and its impact on the world.

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