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The first chapter of "Bharat ki Khoj" for class 8 is titled "The Harappan Civilization". It talks about the Indus Valley Civilization, which was one of the earliest civilizations in the world.


The Indus Valley Civilization was located in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, mainly in present-day Pakistan. It was spread over an area of 1.2 million square kilometers and existed from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE.


The Indus Valley Civilization had many well-planned cities, with Harappa and Mohenjo Daro being the most famous ones. These cities had well-planned streets, houses, drainage systems, and public buildings.


The Indus Valley Civilization was known for its arts and crafts, with pottery being one of the most significant. They also made sculptures and seals that had intricate designs and patterns.


The Indus Valley Civilization had a thriving economy, with agriculture being the primary occupation. They traded with other civilizations, including Mesopotamia and Egypt, and had a well-established system of weights and measures.


There is no clear evidence as to why the Indus Valley Civilization declined, but some theories suggest that it might have been due to environmental factors or invasion by outside forces.


The Indus Valley Civilization was a remarkable civilization that had a well-developed urban culture, an advanced system of governance, and a thriving economy. It is an important part of India's rich history and heritage.