Atomic Nucleus and Nuclear Forces

The atomic nucleus is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. Neutrons and protons are collectively known as nucleons. Despite having the same positive charge, protons do not repel each other and are held together in the nucleus. This is due to the presence of nuclear forces that act between the nucleons.

Nuclear Forces

Nuclear forces are the forces that act between the nucleons in an atomic nucleus. These forces are responsible for binding the protons and neutrons together. There are three main types of nuclear forces:

1. Gravitational Forces: Gravitational forces are the forces of attraction between any two objects with mass. However, in the context of atomic nuclei, gravitational forces are extremely weak and negligible compared to other forces. Therefore, gravitational forces do not play a significant role in holding the nucleons together.

2. Magnetic Forces: Magnetic forces are the forces that act between magnetic objects. These forces are mediated by magnetic fields. However, in the atomic nucleus, the magnetic forces between protons are also much weaker compared to other forces. Therefore, magnetic forces are not responsible for holding the nucleons together.

3. Exchange Forces: Exchange forces, also known as strong nuclear forces or residual strong forces, are the forces that hold the nucleons together in the atomic nucleus. These forces are mediated by particles called mesons, specifically pions. The exchange of pions between nucleons creates a strong force of attraction that overcomes the electromagnetic repulsion between protons.

Coulombic Forces

The Coulombic forces, also known as electromagnetic forces, are the forces of attraction or repulsion between charged particles. In the atomic nucleus, protons have a positive charge and therefore repel each other due to the Coulombic forces. However, the strong nuclear forces are stronger than the Coulombic forces and act to bind the protons and neutrons together.

Conclusion

In conclusion, neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus are held together by exchange forces, also known as strong nuclear forces. These forces are responsible for overcoming the electromagnetic repulsion between protons and creating a stable and bound nucleus. Gravitational and magnetic forces are negligible in the context of atomic nuclei and do not play a significant role in holding the nucleons together.