The tiny pores present on the leaves of plants are called stomata.

Stomata are small openings found on the surface of leaves, stems, and other plant organs. They play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. Each stoma is surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells, which control the opening and closing of the stomata.

Functions of Stomata:
Stomata have several important functions in plants, including:

1. Gas Exchange: Stomata allow for the exchange of gases between the plant and its environment. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata, while oxygen and water vapor exit. This exchange of gases is essential for the plant to produce glucose and release oxygen.

2. Transpiration: Stomata also play a crucial role in the process of transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor from the plant. When the stomata open, water vapor evaporates from the leaf surface, creating a suction force that pulls water up from the roots. This helps in the transportation of water and nutrients throughout the plant.

3. Regulation of Water Loss: The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by the guard cells. When the plant is under stress or experiencing water shortage, the guard cells close the stomata to reduce water loss through transpiration. This helps the plant conserve water and prevent dehydration.

4. Exchange of Minerals: Stomata also facilitate the exchange of minerals between the plant and its environment. When the stomata are open, minerals dissolved in water can enter the plant through the roots and be transported to other parts of the plant.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, stomata are the tiny pores present on the leaves of plants. They allow for gas exchange, regulate water loss, facilitate transpiration, and enable the exchange of minerals. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by guard cells, which respond to various environmental factors. Stomata are essential for the survival and growth of plants, as they enable photosynthesis and help maintain water balance.

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