What do you understand by manual scavenging?

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Manual scavenging refers to the practice of manually cleaning, carrying, disposing or handling in any manner the dry latrines and sewers. It often involves using the most basic of tools such as buckets, brooms and baskets.

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Manual scavenging refer manually cleaning of Animal excreta , in any manner using tools like broom , bucket, gloves ..

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Manual scavenging refers to the practise of removing human and animals waste using brooms , tin plates and baskets from dry latrins and carrying it on the head to disposal grounds .

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Manual Scavenging: Understanding the Practice and Its Implications

Manual scavenging refers to the hazardous and inhumane practice of manually cleaning, handling, and disposing of human excreta from dry latrines, open drains, sewers, and septic tanks. It involves individuals, known as manual scavengers or sanitation workers, who are primarily from marginalized communities and low socio-economic backgrounds. Manual scavenging is prevalent in various parts of the world, particularly in developing countries, and is recognized as a severe violation of human rights and dignity.

The Practice of Manual Scavenging:

Manual scavenging involves several aspects that contribute to its hazardous nature and consequences:

1. Task Description: Manual scavengers are responsible for manually removing excreta from dry latrines, open drains, or septic tanks, using basic tools such as brooms, buckets, and baskets.

2. Health Risks: Manual scavengers are exposed to a wide range of health hazards, including direct contact with human waste, harmful gases (such as methane and hydrogen sulfide) in septic tanks, and the risk of contracting various diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis, and typhoid.

3. Social Stigma and Discrimination: Manual scavenging is associated with social stigma and discrimination, as these workers are often considered 'untouchables' or 'outcasts' due to their occupation. They face exclusion, segregation, and are subjected to various forms of discrimination and exploitation.

4. Lack of Protective Measures: Manual scavengers usually lack proper protective gear, such as gloves, masks, or boots, which further increases the vulnerability to health risks.

Implications and Challenges:

The practice of manual scavenging has several implications and challenges:

1. Violation of Human Rights: Manual scavenging violates the fundamental rights and dignity of individuals involved in the practice. It is recognized as a form of modern-day slavery, as workers are trapped in a cycle of poverty, exploitation, and discrimination.

2. Unsafe Working Conditions: Manual scavengers work in hazardous and unsanitary conditions, often without any safety measures or equipment. This exposes them to severe health risks and can lead to injuries or even fatalities.

3. Need for Rehabilitation: The eradication of manual scavenging requires not only the prohibition of the practice but also the provision of alternative livelihood options, skill development, and rehabilitation programs for the affected individuals and communities.

4. Policy and Legal Frameworks: Governments and organizations need to enforce strict laws and policies to eradicate manual scavenging. The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013, in India, for example, criminalizes the practice and outlines rehabilitation measures.

Conclusion:

Manual scavenging is a dehumanizing and exploitative practice that continues to persist in many parts of the world. Efforts from governments, organizations, and society as a whole are crucial to eradicating this practice and ensuring the dignity and rights of all individuals involved. Rehabilitation, awareness campaigns, and the provision of alternative employment opportunities are key steps towards achieving a society free from manual scavenging.

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