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The design storm of a watershed has the depths of rainfall 5.6 cm and 4.6 cm for the consecutive one hour periods. The 1 hour Unit Hydrograph can be represented by a triangle of base 8 hours with a peak of 60 cumecs occurring after 3 hours from the beginning. Compute the flood hydrograph assuming an average loss rate of 6 mm per hour and a constant base flow of 12 cumecs. What is the area of watershed and coefficient of runoff?
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The design storm of a watershed has the depths of rainfall 5.6 cm and ...
Calculation of Flood Hydrograph, Area of Watershed and Coefficient of Runoff


Given Data


  • Rainfall depth for the consecutive one hour periods = 5.6 cm and 4.6 cm

  • 1 Hour Unit Hydrograph is represented by a triangle of base 8 hours with a peak of 60 cumecs occurring after 3 hours from the beginning

  • Average loss rate = 6 mm per hour

  • Constant base flow = 12 cumecs



Calculation of Direct Runoff


  • Direct runoff can be calculated by subtracting the losses from the rainfall

  • Losses = Average loss rate x Time of concentration

  • Time of concentration = Base of Unit Hydrograph x 3 (time of peak flow occurrence)

  • Time of concentration = 8 hours x 3 = 24 hours

  • Losses = 6 mm/hr x 24 hrs = 144 mm

  • Rainfall excess = Rainfall depth - Losses

  • For the first hour, rainfall excess = 5.6 cm - 1.44 cm = 4.16 cm

  • For the second hour, rainfall excess = 4.6 cm - 1.44 cm = 3.16 cm



Calculation of Peak Discharge


  • Peak discharge occurs at 3 hours after the start of the storm

  • Peak discharge = Peak flow of Unit Hydrograph x Rainfall excess

  • Peak flow of Unit Hydrograph = 60 cumecs

  • For the first hour, peak discharge = 60 cumecs x (4.16 cm/2) = 124.8 cumecs

  • For the second hour, peak discharge = 60 cumecs x (3.16 cm/2) = 94.8 cumecs



Calculation of Base Flow and Total Discharge


  • Base flow = 12 cumecs

  • Total discharge for the first hour = Peak discharge + Base flow = 124.8 cumecs + 12 cumecs = 136.8 cumecs

  • Total discharge for the second hour = Peak discharge + Base flow = 94.8 cumecs + 12 cumecs = 106.8 cumecs



Calculation of Area of Watershed


  • The area of the watershed can be calculated by dividing the total volume of runoff by the rainfall excess

  • Total volume of runoff = (1 hour x 136.8 cumecs) + (1 hour x 106.8 cumecs) = 243.6 million cubic meters

  • Rainfall excess = 4.16 cm + 3.16 cm = 7.
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The design storm of a watershed has the depths of rainfall 5.6 cm and 4.6 cm for the consecutive one hour periods. The 1 hour Unit Hydrograph can be represented by a triangle of base 8 hours with a peak of 60 cumecs occurring after 3 hours from the beginning. Compute the flood hydrograph assuming an average loss rate of 6 mm per hour and a constant base flow of 12 cumecs. What is the area of watershed and coefficient of runoff?
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