Each prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and the number itself.

What are factors?
Factors are numbers that can be multiplied together to get another number. For example, the factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6 because 1 * 6 = 6 and 2 * 3 = 6.

What is a prime number?
A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. In other words, a prime number is a number that cannot be divided evenly by any other number except 1 and itself.

Why do prime numbers have exactly two factors?
Since prime numbers are only divisible by 1 and themselves, the only factors they have are 1 and the number itself. Therefore, every prime number has exactly two factors.

Examples of prime numbers and their factors:
- The number 2 is a prime number and its factors are 1 and 2.
- The number 3 is a prime number and its factors are 1 and 3.
- The number 5 is a prime number and its factors are 1 and 5.
- The number 7 is a prime number and its factors are 1 and 7.

Why is it important to understand prime numbers and factors?
Understanding prime numbers and factors is important in many areas of mathematics, including number theory, algebra, and cryptography. Prime numbers are used in encryption algorithms to secure data and protect sensitive information. Factors are also used in various mathematical operations and problem-solving situations.

Summary:
- Prime numbers have exactly two factors: 1 and the number itself.
- Factors are numbers that can be multiplied together to get another number.
- Prime numbers are numbers that are only divisible by 1 and themselves.
- Understanding prime numbers and factors is important in various areas of mathematics.