Absolute pressure in flow system refers to the total pressure exerted by a fluid, which includes both the pressure due to the fluid's velocity (dynamic pressure) and the pressure due to its weight (static pressure). It is an important concept in fluid mechanics and is used to measure and calculate various properties of fluids in pipes, channels, and other flow systems.

Factors affecting absolute pressure in flow system:

There are several factors that can affect the absolute pressure in a flow system, including:

1. Fluid velocity: The faster a fluid is moving, the higher the dynamic pressure and the lower the static pressure.

2. Fluid density: The denser the fluid, the higher the static pressure and the lower the dynamic pressure.

3. Flow direction: The direction of flow can affect the pressure distribution in a flow system, with different pressure zones forming depending on the flow direction.

4. Flow geometry: The shape and size of the flow system can also affect the pressure distribution, with pressure changes occurring at bends, junctions, and other points of flow restriction.

Calculation of absolute pressure in flow system:

The absolute pressure in a flow system can be calculated using Bernoulli's equation, which relates the dynamic pressure, static pressure, and gravitational potential energy of a fluid in motion. The equation is as follows:

P + 1/2ρv^2 + ρgh = constant

where P is the absolute pressure, ρ is the fluid density, v is the fluid velocity, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the fluid's height above a reference point.

Application of absolute pressure in flow system:

The concept of absolute pressure in flow systems has many practical applications, including:

1. Pump and turbine design: Absolute pressure is used to design pumps and turbines, which rely on pressure differences to generate flow.

2. Pipe and channel design: Absolute pressure is used to design pipes and channels, which must be able to withstand the pressure changes that occur during fluid flow.

3. Pressure measurement: Absolute pressure is used to measure fluid pressure in flow systems, which is important for monitoring and controlling fluid flow.

4. Fluid dynamics analysis: Absolute pressure is used in fluid dynamics simulations to model fluid behavior in different flow systems and predict the effects of changes in pressure, velocity, and other factors.

Conclusion:

Absolute pressure in flow system is an important concept in fluid mechanics that is used to measure, calculate, and analyze the pressure distribution in pipes, channels, and other flow systems. It is affected by various factors such as fluid velocity, density, flow direction, and geometry, and can be calculated using Bernoulli's equation. The concept has many practical applications in pump and turbine design, pipe and channel design, pressure measurement, and fluid dynamics analysis.