Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) is the pen name of Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto who was born in the town of Parral in Chile. Neruda's poems are full of easily understood images which make them no less beautiful. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in the year 1971.

Pablo Neruda is the poet's pen name.

Explanation:
Pablo Neruda, whose real name was Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto, was a renowned Chilean poet and diplomat. He adopted the pen name "Pablo Neruda" as his literary pseudonym, which he used throughout his career.

Neruda's decision to use a pen name was influenced by various factors, including political and personal reasons. Here's a detailed explanation:

1. Political Reasons:
- Neruda was actively involved in politics and was a member of the Chilean Communist Party.
- During his early years as a poet, he faced political persecution and censorship due to his leftist views.
- Adopting a pen name allowed him to protect his identity and continue writing and publishing his works without fear of reprisal from political opponents.

2. Personal Reasons:
- Choosing a pen name provided Neruda with a sense of artistic freedom and reinvention.
- He believed that a pen name could create a distinct persona separate from his personal life, enabling him to fully express his poetic voice.
- By adopting the name "Pablo Neruda," he felt he could embody the essence of his poetic self and establish a unique identity in the literary world.

3. Literary Influence:
- Neruda's decision to use a pen name may also have been influenced by other renowned poets who adopted pseudonyms.
- One such poet was Czech poet Jan Neruda, whose surname Neruda admired and later incorporated into his own pen name as a tribute.
- Additionally, Neruda was inspired by the tradition of Latin American poets, many of whom used pen names to express their artistic personas.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, Pablo Neruda adopted the pen name "Pablo Neruda" as a means to protect his identity, assert his artistic freedom, and establish a unique poetic persona. This decision allowed him to navigate the political landscape of his time while elevating his literary career to international acclaim.