The metallic constituents of hard water are Calcium, Magnesium, and Iron.


Hard water is water that has a high mineral content, primarily consisting of calcium and magnesium ions. These minerals are usually dissolved in the water as it passes through the ground and picks up minerals from rocks and soil.


- Calcium is one of the most common metallic constituents found in hard water.
- It is a divalent cation with the chemical symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
- Calcium ions contribute to the hardness of water and can cause scaling or buildup on surfaces and inside pipes and appliances.


- Magnesium is another common metallic constituent found in hard water.
- It is a divalent cation with the chemical symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
- Magnesium ions also contribute to water hardness and can cause similar scaling and buildup issues as calcium.


- Iron is a metallic constituent that is sometimes present in hard water.
- It is a transition metal with the chemical symbol Fe and atomic number 26.
- Iron can cause water to have a reddish or brownish color and can also contribute to scaling and staining issues.


While calcium, magnesium, and iron are the most common metallic constituents in hard water, there can be other trace elements present as well. These may include metals such as tin, manganese, aluminum, and zinc, but they are usually present in much smaller quantities compared to calcium, magnesium, and iron.


In conclusion, the metallic constituents of hard water are primarily calcium, magnesium, and iron. These minerals contribute to the hardness of water and can cause scaling, buildup, and other issues in plumbing systems and appliances.