**Explanation:**

The correct answer is option **c) Kolkata**.

Kolkata is situated on the banks of the river Hugli, which is a distributary of the Ganges River.

Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:

**Kolkata:**
- Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital city of the Indian state of West Bengal.
- It is located in eastern India and is one of the major cultural, commercial, and educational centers in the country.
- Kolkata is situated on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, also known as the Hugli River.
- The Hooghly River is a distributary of the Ganges River, which flows through India and Bangladesh.
- The city of Kolkata is built along the banks of the Hooghly River, with several bridges connecting the different parts of the city.
- The river plays an important role in the city's transportation, trade, and tourism.

**Ranchi:**
- Ranchi is the capital city of the Indian state of Jharkhand.
- It is located in the eastern part of the country, but it is not situated on the banks of the river Hugli.
- Ranchi is known for its hills, waterfalls, and natural beauty, and it serves as the administrative headquarters of the state.

**Kohima:**
- Kohima is the capital city of the Indian state of Nagaland.
- It is located in the northeastern part of the country, but it is not situated on the banks of the river Hugli.
- Kohima is known for its rich tribal heritage and scenic beauty, and it is an important cultural and historical center in the region.

Therefore, the correct answer is option **c) Kolkata**, as it is the only city among the given options that is situated on the banks of the river Hugli.