Encapsulation

Definition:
Encapsulation is one of the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming. It is the process of bundling data (properties) and methods (functions) together into a single unit called a class. It allows the data and methods to be grouped together in a way that protects the data from being accessed or modified directly from outside the class.

Explanation:
In the context of the given question, encapsulation is the OOP principle where different properties and functions of a real-world entity are grouped or embedded into a single element, which is a class. Let's understand this concept in more detail:

Properties:
Properties refer to the characteristics or data associated with a real-world entity. For example, if we consider a car as a real-world entity, its properties may include color, model, brand, and so on.

Functions:
Functions, also known as methods, represent the behavior or actions associated with a real-world entity. For example, a car may have functions like start(), stop(), accelerate(), and brake().

Grouping into a Class:
In encapsulation, these properties and functions are grouped together into a single unit called a class. A class acts as a blueprint for creating objects, and it encapsulates the data and methods related to a specific entity.

Benefits of Encapsulation:
1. Data Hiding: Encapsulation allows the internal details of a class to be hidden from the outside world. Only the necessary information or methods are exposed to the external environment, which enhances security and prevents unauthorized access.
2. Modularity: Encapsulation promotes modularity by organizing related properties and functions into a single unit. This improves code maintainability, as changes made to one part of the code do not affect other parts.
3. Code Reusability: Encapsulation facilitates code reusability by encapsulating common properties and functions into a class. This allows the class to be instantiated multiple times, creating multiple objects with similar characteristics and behaviors.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, encapsulation is the OOP property where different properties and functions of a real-world entity are grouped or embedded into a single element, which is a class. This promotes data hiding, modularity, and code reusability, making the code more organized and maintainable.