Acids and Bases: An Overview
Acids and bases are two fundamental categories of chemical substances that play crucial roles in various chemical reactions and processes.
What are Acids?
- Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.
- They have a sour taste and can corrode metals.
- Common examples include:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
- Citric acid (found in citrus fruits)
Properties of Acids:
- Taste: Sour
- pH Level: Less than 7
- Reactivity: React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Indicators: Turn blue litmus paper red
What are Bases?
- Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) when dissolved in water.
- They have a bitter taste and feel slippery.
- Common examples include:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
Properties of Bases:
- Taste: Bitter
- pH Level: Greater than 7
- Reactivity: React with acids to form salts and water (neutralization)
- Indicators: Turn red litmus paper blue
Applications of Acids and Bases:
- Acids are used in:
- Battery production
- Food preservation
- Bases are used in:
- Cleaning products
- Making soaps
Understanding acids and bases is essential for grasping the basics of chemistry, and their applications are widespread in our daily lives.

Noo