The second law of Newton, also known as Newton's second law of motion, states that the force acting on an object is directly proportional to the mass of the object and its acceleration. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

F = m * a

Where:
- F represents the force acting on the object
- m represents the mass of the object
- a represents the acceleration of the object

Explanation:

Force as the Cause:
- According to the second law of Newton, force is considered the cause.
- It is the force acting on an object that initiates or leads to a change in its motion.
- Force can be applied through a push or a pull and is measured in units called Newtons (N).
- The greater the force applied to an object, the greater the effect on its motion.

Outcome as Momentum:
- The outcome or result of the force acting on an object is its momentum.
- Momentum is a property of moving objects and is defined as the product of its mass and velocity.
- Mathematically, momentum (p) can be expressed as:
p = m * v
Where:
- p represents momentum
- m represents the mass of the object
- v represents the velocity of the object

Relation between Force and Momentum:
- By rearranging the equation for momentum, we can express velocity (v) as the ratio of momentum (p) to mass (m):
v = p / m
- Substituting this expression for velocity (v) in the second law of Newton (F = m * a), we get:
F = m * (p / m)
= p

Conclusion:
- From the above derivation, we can conclude that the outcome or result of the force acting on an object is its momentum.
- Momentum is directly proportional to the force applied and depends on the mass and velocity of the object.
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 'C' - momentum.