Calculating the Degree of Saturation:

The degree of saturation (S) is the ratio of the volume of water in a soil specimen to the volume of voids in the soil, expressed as a percentage. To calculate the degree of saturation, we need to determine the volume of water in the compacted soil specimen and the volume of voids in the soil.

1. Calculate the volume of water in the soil specimen:
- The mass of water in the soil specimen can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the soil specimen by the water content percentage (14.5%):
Mass of water = 1910 g * 14.5% = 277.45 g
- The volume of water can be calculated by dividing the mass of water by the density of water (assumed as 1 g/cm³):
Volume of water = 277.45 g / 1 g/cm³ = 277.45 cm³

2. Calculate the volume of voids in the soil:
- The volume of voids can be calculated by subtracting the volume of the solid soil grains from the total volume of the compacted soil specimen:
Volume of voids = Total volume of compacted soil - Volume of solid soil grains

3. Calculate the degree of saturation:
- Degree of saturation (S) = (Volume of water / Volume of voids) * 100

Calculating the Density and Unit Weight:

The density of a soil specimen is the mass of the soil divided by its volume, and the unit weight is the weight of the soil divided by its volume.

1. Calculate the density of the compacted soil:
- Density = Mass of soil / Total volume of compacted soil

2. Calculate the unit weight of the compacted soil:
- Unit weight = Weight of soil / Total volume of compacted soil

Explanation:

The degree of saturation is a measure of how much water is present in the soil compared to the void space available. It is an important parameter in soil mechanics as it affects the soil's strength, permeability, and compressibility.

To calculate the degree of saturation, we first determine the volume of water in the soil specimen by multiplying the mass of the soil by the water content percentage. We then calculate the volume of voids by subtracting the volume of the solid soil grains from the total volume of the compacted soil specimen. Finally, we divide the volume of water by the volume of voids and multiply by 100 to obtain the degree of saturation.

The density and unit weight of the compacted soil are calculated by dividing the mass of the soil by the total volume of the compacted soil. The density represents the amount of mass per unit volume of the soil, while the unit weight represents the weight per unit volume of the soil.

By calculating these parameters, we can better understand the properties and behavior of the compacted soil specimen, which is essential for various geotechnical engineering applications such as foundation design, slope stability analysis, and earthwork calculations.