Water and minerals in the soil are absorbed by roots and transported to leaves.

Introduction
Plants absorb water and minerals primarily through their roots, which play a crucial role in their growth and survival.

Root Structure
- The root system consists of various parts, including:
- **Root Hairs**: Tiny extensions that increase surface area for absorption.
- **Main Roots**: The central structure that anchors the plant and supports nutrient uptake.
- **Lateral Roots**: Smaller roots branching off the main roots, enhancing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients.

Absorption Process
- **Osmosis**: Water moves from a region of higher concentration in the soil to a lower concentration in the root cells.
- **Active Transport**: Minerals are absorbed against their concentration gradient, requiring energy. This process involves:
- **Ion Channels**: Specialized proteins that facilitate the movement of minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

Role of Soil
- The soil serves as a reservoir for:
- **Water**: Essential for photosynthesis and nutrient transport.
- **Minerals**: Nutrients are often found in the form of compounds that roots can absorb.

Importance of Water and Minerals
- **Photosynthesis**: Water is vital for the photosynthesis process, enabling the production of glucose.
- **Growth and Development**: Minerals assist in various physiological functions, including enzyme activity and overall plant health.

Conclusion
Understanding the role of roots in water and mineral absorption highlights their importance in the plant's life cycle and overall ecosystem health.