1. True: Rajas who allowed the Ashwamedha horse to pass through their lands were indeed invited to the sacrifice. The Ashwamedha Yajna (horse sacrifice) was a ritual performed by ancient Indian kings to assert their sovereignty over a territory. The horse would be released and allowed to wander freely, and any king who was able to capture the horse would have to fight the king who released it. If the capturing king was successful, he would be recognized as the most powerful ruler and would invite other kings to the sacrifice to showcase his authority.

2. True: In the context of ancient Indian rituals, it was common for the charioteer to sprinkle sacred water on the king during ceremonies. Water was considered purifying and was used to cleanse the king before important rituals or sacrifices. This act symbolized the purification and consecration of the king for the ritual.

3. True: Archaeologists have indeed discovered various sites related to the settlement of the Janapadas. Janapadas were ancient territorial units in India during the Vedic period (1500-600 BCE). These settlements were often fortified and served as the political and economic centers of the Janapadas. Excavations at sites like Hastinapura, Kaushambi, and Rajagriha have provided valuable insights into the social, economic, and cultural aspects of the Janapadas.

4. True: Pots made out of painted grey ware were commonly used to store grain during ancient times. Painted Grey Ware (PGW) is a type of pottery that was prevalent in the northern and central regions of the Indian subcontinent during the Iron Age (1200-600 BCE). These pots were typically made of coarse clay and had a distinctive grey color with linear or geometric designs painted on them. They were widely used for storage purposes and have been found at various archaeological sites.

5. True: Many cities in the Mahajanapadas (larger territorial units that emerged after the Janapadas) were indeed fortified. Fortifications such as walls, moats, and gateways were constructed to protect these cities from external invasions and to assert control over the surrounding regions. The fortified cities provided security and served as administrative and commercial centers. Examples of fortified cities from this period include Pataliputra, Taxila, and Ujjain.

In conclusion, all the statements provided are true. The Ashwamedha Yajna, sprinkling of sacred water, archaeological findings related to the Janapadas, the use of painted grey ware for grain storage, and the fortification of cities in the Mahajanapadas are all historically accurate aspects of ancient Indian civilization.

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