Answer:

The equipment needed to allow home computers to connect to the internet is called a modem.

Explanation:

A modem is a device that allows computers to connect to the internet. It stands for "modulator-demodulator" and its main function is to convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can be transmitted over telephone lines or other communication channels.

How does a modem work?

A modem is connected to the computer through a cable or wirelessly, and it connects to the internet service provider (ISP) through a telephone line, cable line, or fiber optic line. When the computer sends a request to access a website or any other online resource, the modem converts the digital signals into analog signals and transmits them to the ISP. The ISP then processes the request and sends the corresponding data back to the modem, which converts the analog signals back into digital signals that the computer can understand. This allows the computer to access and display the requested information.

Other options:

While a modem is the main equipment needed to connect a home computer to the internet, there are other components that are also necessary for a complete internet connection setup. These include:

- Gateway: A gateway is a device that acts as an intermediary between the home network and the internet. It manages the flow of data between the computer and the internet, and it can provide additional security features.

- Monitor: A monitor is a display device that allows users to visually interact with the computer. It is not directly related to the internet connection but is an essential component of a computer setup.

- Peripheral: Peripherals are additional devices that can be connected to a computer, such as printers, scanners, keyboards, and mice. While these devices are important for various computer functions, they are not directly related to the internet connection.

In summary, a modem is the equipment needed to establish a connection between a home computer and the internet. It converts digital signals into analog signals for transmission over communication channels and vice versa. Other components such as gateways, monitors, and peripherals are also important for a complete computer setup, but they are not specifically related to the internet connection.