Main Feature of the Harappa Civilization: Town Planning

The main feature of the Harappa Civilization was its advanced town planning, which was remarkable for its time. The Harappans developed sophisticated urban centers with well-organized layouts and meticulous attention to detail. This level of urban planning was unparalleled in the ancient world and contributed to the civilization's stability and prosperity.

1. Urban Layout:
The cities of the Harappa Civilization were carefully planned and divided into distinct sectors. They had a grid-like pattern with well-defined streets and lanes, indicating a high level of urban planning. The streets were laid out in a north-south and east-west orientation, creating a perfect right-angle grid system.

2. Drainage System:
One of the most impressive features of Harappan cities was their advanced drainage system. The streets were equipped with covered drains made of bricks, which helped to maintain cleanliness and prevent waterlogging during the monsoon season. This efficient drainage system ensured that waste and rainwater were effectively channeled away from the city.

3. Public Buildings:
Harappan cities had various public buildings, including granaries, warehouses, and assembly halls. These structures were built with standardized bricks and were often located in the center of the cities. The presence of such public buildings suggests a well-organized administrative system and a centralized authority.

4. Residential Areas:
The residential areas in Harappan cities were well-planned and organized. Houses were constructed using standardized bricks, and each house typically had multiple rooms and a courtyard. The houses were built in such a way that they formed a continuous line, creating a sense of uniformity and order in the city.

5. Fortifications:
Some Harappan cities, such as Mohenjo-daro, had fortifications or defensive walls. These walls were constructed using mud bricks and served as protection against external threats. The presence of fortifications indicates that the Harappans were aware of the need for security and took measures to safeguard their cities.

Conclusion:
The main feature of the Harappa Civilization was its advanced town planning, which included a well-organized layout, efficient drainage system, public buildings, residential areas, and fortifications. The level of urban planning exhibited by the Harappans was remarkable for its time and contributed to the stability and prosperity of their civilization. The town planning of the Harappa Civilization is a testament to the ingenuity and advanced knowledge of the ancient Indus Valley people.