The report on Harappan seal published in 1875 was written by Alexander Cunningham. He was a British archaeologist and served as the first archaeological surveyor of India.

Harappan Civilization:

• The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the earliest civilizations in the world, which flourished in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, around 2600-1900 BCE.

• The civilization was named after Harappa, an archaeological site in present-day Pakistan, which was one of the major urban centers of the civilization.

• The Harappan Civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, trade, writing system, and art.

Harappan Seal:

• The Harappan seals are small, rectangular objects, usually made of steatite, which was a soft stone, and were used for various purposes, such as marking goods, containers, and documents.

• The seals are characterized by their unique inscriptions, which are usually in the form of pictograms, and are considered to be one of the earliest forms of writing in the world.

Alexander Cunningham:

• Alexander Cunningham was a British archaeologist, who worked in India during the 19th century.

• He was appointed as the first archaeological surveyor of India in 1861, and played a key role in the preservation and documentation of India's cultural heritage.

• Cunningham conducted several excavations and surveys of archaeological sites in India, and published several reports on his findings.

• He is known for his pioneering work in the field of Indian archaeology, and his efforts led to the establishment of the Archaeological Survey of India, which is the premier organization for the preservation and study of India's cultural heritage.